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Zenoss Core 3.x Network and System Monitoring
Zenoss Core 3.x Network and System Monitoring

Zenoss Core 3.x Network and System Monitoring: A step-by-step guide to configuring, using, and adapting this free Open Source network monitoring system

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Zenoss Core 3.x Network and System Monitoring

Chapter 2. Discovering Devices

I assume that many of you already have a working Zenoss Core installation with devices in your inventory; however, adding devices is the easy part. Before we jump to monitoring, we need to think about how we will monitor. For example, we can use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI), or command-line plugins that run over SSH/Telnet. Each of your monitored devices may have different requirements. We'll review each of the monitoring protocols to help you decide how to monitor your devices with Zenoss Core.

Because our Zenoss Core server needs to communicate with our monitored devices, we will need to configure those devices to allow connections on various TCP and UDP ports.

The order in which you perform the items in this chapter is not important. If you are starting a new installation, then it makes sense to prepare your devices to be monitored before you add them to your inventory. If you've already added devices...

Zenoss Core installation


Zenoss, Inc., makes several installation packages of Zenoss Core available to meet the needs of its community. For a list of current installation packages, visit www.zenoss.com/download. You'll find native packages, stack installers, and source files for several operating systems: Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Centos, Ubuntu, Fedora Core, OS X, OpenSuse, and Debian. The stack installers and native packages include all Zenoss Core dependencies.

If you need a no fuss installation to use as a sandbox or to follow along with the book, then I recommend loading one of the Zenoss Core VMware appliances for Windows, Linux, or OS X. To run the appliance, download the VMware Player or VMware Server for free from www.vmware.com.

Preparing devices for monitoring


One of the first questions we need to answer is, "How will I collect information from my devices and services?" Zenoss Core supports the following ways to model (collect data from) the device:

  • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

  • Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

  • SSH/Telnet (for example, Zenoss Plugins)

  • Port scan

SNMP gives us the most flexibility and the best device support. WMI lets us access information about services running on Windows servers and can co-exist with SNMP. If we want to monitor Windows event logs, then WMI is a must.

Even if your device supports SNMP, there may be times when you are unable to use it. For example, you're monitoring a remote device that's outside the local network. Zenoss, Inc., distributes a suite of command-line monitors that can be installed on a device via the Zenoss Plugins, and Zenoss Core runs the plugins over an SSH or Telnet session to collect the performance data.

In the unfortunate event that your device doesn...

Opening monitoring-specific ports


Both the Zenoss Core server and the monitored devices have port requirements. The Zenoss Core server needs to allow access to the following ports:

  • TCP port 8080 for HTTP access

  • TCP port 514 for syslog access, if Zenoss Core is acting as a syslog server

  • TCP port 22 for remote SSH access

  • UDP port 162 to process SNMP traps

To facilitate monitoring, the systems on the network need to allow access to the following ports:

  • UDP 161 for SNMP requests

  • TCP port 22 for remote collector plugins via SSH

  • TCP port 23 for remote collector plugins via Telnet

This is a common list of ports, but network and monitoring needs are unique from one site to the next. For example, if you do not plan to monitor any devices with the Zenoss Plugins over Telnet, then don't open port 23 on your monitored devices.

Configuring Linux firewalls

Iptables is a popular tool for managing firewall access on Linux systems. Assuming, iptables is installed and configured, use the following command to view...

Zenoss Core setup wizard


New installations automatically run a setup wizard that creates a user account, defines an administrator password, and discovers devices attached to the network. Many of you have probably already breezed through this step, but we'll step through the process for the benefit of those of you who are working through an initial install.

Even if you already ran the initial setup wizard, you can invoke the add device wizard by selecting the Add Multiple Devices... link on the Infrastructure | Devices page. See the following screenshot:

Note

To access your Zenoss Core installation, open a browser and navigate to port 8080 of your Zenoss Core server. For example, go to http://zenoss.example.com:8080 where zenoss.example.com is your web address.

Step 1: Setting up users

If this is a new installation, you will be greeted with the setup wizard when you visit the Zenoss Core application. Otherwise, you will see the Zenoss Core Dashboard.

Click the big green arrow to advance the wizard...

Adding a single device


We've seen how you can autodiscover the devices on your network, but you may not want to monitor all of the discovered networks. For example, you may have workstations, test servers, and other systems not worth monitoring. By adding a single device at a time, you can also specify device attributes, including classes, SNMP properties, serial numbers, notes, and more.

The Add Single Device option is available by clicking on Infrastructure | Devices. See the following screenshot:

The Add a Single Device window displays as a pop up with the option to add several device attributes:

The advantage of adding devices from this view is that we can add a device with a specific set of properties. The wizard didn't give us this kind of flexibility.

Entering device attributes

At a minimum, we should enter a Device Name and Device Class. The Device Name identifies the IP address or resolvable hostname, while the Device Class Path sets the monitoring properties we want our device to inherit...

Importing a list of devices with zenbatchload


So far, we've seen ways to build our device inventory through the web interface. In one case, we auto-discover everything and in the other case, we add the devices one at a time.

What if you already have a list of the SNMP capable devices by hostname or IP address? Wouldn't it be nice to import those devices. Zenoss Core can import a list of devices and attributes via the zenbatchload command.

In its simplest form, zebatchload will process a text file that lists one device per line. Here's a sample list of devices that I will call deviceList.txt:

device01
router02
web03

Since zenbatchload is a Zenoss Core daemon, we need to run it as the zenoss user. Here are the commands:

su – zenoss
<enter zenoss user's password>
zenbatchload deviceList.txt

The zenbatchload command will attempt to run SNMP on each device. If the device doesn't support SNMP, it won't be added to the inventory. The zenbatchload command accepts device classes, options, and zProperties...

Command line discovery with zendisc


The zendisc daemon gives us an opportunity to discover devices from the command line. It can be a helpful troubleshooting tool, or it can be a way for you to shed the Web interface and satisfy your curiosity about how Zenoss Core works. Let's take a look at a few example commands.

To see a list of available options, run the following command as the zenoss user:

zendisc help

Let's work through an example where we remodel a device on our network. Modeling the device gives Zenoss Core the characteristics about the device that we monitor. Sometimes Zenoss Core may not be collecting the information we think it should, so we need to figure out why.

Run the following command as the zenoss user:

zendisc run --remodel -d coyote --logseverity=10

Because we used the --logseverity=10 option, the output is verbose and we can step through the remodeling process, one line at a time. A value of 10 provides the highest level of verbosity.

The -d coyote option ran the --remodel...

Summary


In order to monitor a device, we need to tell Zenoss Core how to monitor the device. Our options include SNMP, WMI, or Zenoss Plugins over SSH. Then we have to make sure the monitored devices are configured to respond to the monitoring protocol Zenoss Core uses for each device.

As you look at your Zenoss Core device list, you should see a list of devices. However, you may see several events that indicate Zenoss Core is not able to model devices correctly. Events could also signify there's a problem with the monitored device, but we're just starting out. It's more likely we need to tweak the monitoring properties of each device.

A common point of failure in establishing the relationship between the monitoring server and monitored device is credentials. If you are having problems, make sure Zenoss Core can authenticate using the unique credentials for each device.

Our monitoring protocols also require access to specific ports. In this chapter, we outlined the common ports that Zenoss...

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Key benefits

  • Designed to quickly acquaint you with the core feature so you can customize Zenoss Core to your needs
  • Discover, manage, and monitor IT resources
  • Build custom event-processing and alerting rules
  • Write custom device reports to extract, display, and analyze monitoring data
  • A handy reference guide with loads of screenshots
  • An update of Zenoss Core Network and System Monitoring rewritten for Zenoss 3.x

Description

For system administrators, network engineers, and security analysts, it is essential to keep a track of network traffic. Zenoss Core is an enterprise-level systems and network monitoring solution that can be as complex as you need it to be. And while just about anyone can install it, turn it on, and monitor "something", Zenoss Core has a complicated interface packed with features. The interface has been drastically improved over version 2, but it's still not the type of software you can use intuitively – in other words, a bit of guidance is in order. The role of this book is to serve as your Zenoss Core tour guide and save you hours, days, maybe weeks of time. This book will show you how to work with Zenoss and effectively adapt Zenoss for System and Network monitoring. Starting with the Zenoss basics, it requires no existing knowledge of systems management, and whether or not you can recite MIB trees and OIDs from memory is irrelevant. Advanced users will be able to identify ways in which they can customize the system to do more, while less advanced users will appreciate the ease of use Zenoss provides. The book contains step-by-step examples to demonstrate Zenoss Core's capabilities. The best approach to using this book is to sit down with Zenoss and apply the examples found in these pages to your system. The book covers the monitoring basics: adding devices, monitoring for availability and performance, processing events, and reviewing reports. It also dives into more advanced customizations, such as custom device reports, external event handling (for example, syslog server, zensendevent, and Windows Event Logs), custom monitoring templates using SNMP data sources, along with Nagios, and Cacti plugins. An example of a Nagios-style plugin is included and the book shows you where to get an example of a Cacti-compatible plugin for use as a command data source in monitoring templates. In Zenoss Core, ZenPacks are modules that add monitoring functionality. Using the Nagios plugin example, you will learn how to create, package, and distribute a ZenPack. You also learn how to explore Zenoss Core's data model using zendmd so that you can more effectively write event transformations and custom device reports.

Who is this book for?

This book is written primarily for network and systems administrators who are monitoring their IT assets with Zenoss Core or who plan to monitor them. In reality, this book will benefit anyone, regardless of job title, who recognizes the importance of proactively monitoring the servers, routers, computers, websites, and devices that connect companies to customers.

What you will learn

  • Discover devices and prepare your monitoring environment
  • Set up, model, and configure devices
  • Monitor availability and performance
  • Customize monitoring templates using SNMP, Nagios, and Cacti data sources
  • Process events via the event console and event commands
  • Collect and process events (including event transformations) from non-Zenoss Core monitoring activities
  • Administer Zenoss Core s users, alerting rules, data backups, and settings
  • Review built-in reports and create custom graph and multi-graph reports
  • Write custom device reports and explore Zenoss Core data model with zendmd
  • Incorporate device and event attributes using TALES expressions throughout Zenoss Core
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Length: 312 pages
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Network and System Monitoring with Zenoss Core Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Discovering Devices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Device Setup and Administration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitor Status and Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Custom Monitoring Templates Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Core Event Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Collecting Events Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Settings and Administration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Extending Zenoss Core with ZenPacks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Reviewing Built-in Reports Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Writing Custom Device Reports Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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1 star 0%
lfean32 Jul 16, 2011
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
System monitoring is a hot topic if you are trying to deliver a stable environment for your users or clients. There are many options out there that are capable of letting administrators know when a system is down or at risk for example Solarwinds is one of the popular monitoring applications today. But there are some new names in the ring and this time they come from the open source community so there is a free version for all to use, this is Zenoss Core a robust community driven snmp application. I just finished reading the new technical book on the latest version of Zenoss Core put out by Packetpub to see how well it does to get you running your own Zenoss Core server.To follow along with the book Zenoss offers a downloadable VMware appliance with the application already installed and it comes for Windows, Linux and OS X. I downloaded the OS X appliance so I could have a sandbox to play with while reading the book, I would highly recommend this so you are able to get used to the user interface.If you are thinking about installing Zenoss or already using it, this book is a must have to bridge the gap in documentation. I found the book had all the information I needed to help get my environment up and running and it was easy to follow. There are also more advanced topics covered such as ZenPack add ons. ZenPacks are one of Zenoss's most exciting feature, they are community derived and shared through the Zenoss website. You will find thousands of ZenPacks which are completely customized to monitor very specific devices, a couple of examples would be apache web servers, asterisk voip servers, and pretty much any server-based application or device else you can think of. Users create a ZenPacks then upload to share with the community, this is a great use of the open source community to help us all make sure our servers have the highest uptime.Overall I would recommend this book to anyone looking for a snmp application since Zenoss Core is an open source application and has the best price tag of all, free. Before starting to look at expensive snmp systems do yourself a favor and read this book to see how well Zenoss does with monitoring servers.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Andrea Consadori Jun 01, 2011
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm using Zenoss for many years and this book is not only a "how to use zenoss" book but it also lead you trought networking world with lots of practical examples and it fills the gaps not covered by Zenoss Admin Guide.What's new in this book?Previous book cover zenoss 2.x, this one zenoss 3.x and it's not only an "estatical" emprove but Zenoss 3.x buit on Zenoss 2.x experience now is the most powerful easy and robust network monitoring system I've ever known.I'm not simply a Zenoss addicted: I'm a Zenoss conviced because I previously tested Nagios, Zabbix, Pandora fms, OpenNMS.This book leads you chapter by chapter on how use all the Zenoss features with lots of examples in order to show you how Zenoss can assist you to monitor your network and you will see that the only limitation is your imagination and coding experience.Reading this book you will learn how to monitor your network even if you've Linux/Windows mixed infrastructure without installing any 3rd part agent on your server, how to correlate Windows event log and syslog event to alerting engine and how to create custom graph using informations taken from device throught snmp, wmic, wbem or linux shell script.[...]
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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