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Tokenomics
Tokenomics

Tokenomics: The Crypto Shift of Blockchains, ICOs, and Tokens

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Profile Icon Sean Au Profile Icon Thomas Power(GBP)
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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.4 (9 Ratings)
Paperback Oct 2018 486 pages 1st Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Sean Au Profile Icon Thomas Power(GBP)
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Paperback Oct 2018 486 pages 1st Edition
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Tokenomics

Chapter 2. A Bit of Coin Theory

Like anything in life, to gain an appreciation of how we got to where we are, it's helpful to understand the background and history of how it all started. To some people, blockchains and cryptocurrency are just a technology fad, but to the dedicated few, this is a movement of epic proportions, centered around trust and the decentralization of it.

Understanding some of the fundamental concepts of this technology will help to enable all of us to see the potential revolution that blockchains, the wider concept of distributed ledger technologies, smart contracts, and tokens will bring.

In this chapter, we will go back in time and look at:

  • Bitcoin: In the beginning
  • Altcoins: The alternative to bitcoin
  • Blockchains: The immutable database
  • Smart contracts: Are they that smart?
  • ICOs: The peak of ICOs in 2017

Since bitcoin appeared on the scene in 2009, it has had its fair share of drama. It has become the "crypto gold standard" that everything...

Bitcoin – in the beginning

Money has not had a major innovative disruption in at least several decades, but there have been many attempts in the past, such as DigiCash (Chaum, 1989), e-gold (Jackson and Downey, 1996), B-money (Dai, 1997), bit gold (Szabo, 1998), and Liberty Dollar (von NotHaus, 1998). It wasn't until the invention of bitcoin that a disruption really started to show, but why did these previous attempts fail?

DigiCash

One of the biggest challenges in creating a cryptocurrency is the double-spend problem. This is where the same digital currency is spent twice because it can be easily copied in the digital realm. In fact, it can be spent many times over.

In 1982, David Chaum, an American computer scientist and cryptographer, published a paper on his idea of Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments (http://www.hit.bme.hu/~buttyan/courses/BMEVIHIM219/2009/Chaum.BlindSigForPayment.1982.PDF). Then, in 1988, he co-authored a paper on Untraceable Electronic Cash (http...

Alternative coins (Altcoins)

With the bitcoin source code freely available, it wasn't long before someone made a copy and created their own coin. This then led to the era of alternative coins, known as altcoins.

The bitcoin source code has been copied or "forked" 19,358 times thus far. This doesn't mean there are 19,358 different altcoins because many forks will be from people wanting their own copy to learn from or experiment with. As an indication of the active altcoins, there are just over 800 listed at coinmarketcap.com.

Tip

Forking: A technical term that programmers use when copying code from one application to another. This means the developer does not have to start from scratch.

There are some purists, or bitcoin maximalists, who see bitcoin as the main or supreme coin, and everything else as an altcoin. However, there are some cryptocurrencies that were created from scratch, with their own independent blockchain, and they would take offense at being called an altcoin...

Blockchain – the immutable database

The word "blockchain" is a term that many people use but few really understand. The reason it is hard to define is because in such a nascent space, there is no single correct definition. For example, when the internet was invented, some people may remember that it was referred to as "the World Wide Web" or "the Information Super Highway." Such terms are non-existent now and if used, are met with an almost "I know how old you are" look. The same will happen to blockchains 10 or so years down the track.

Along with there currently being no universal definition of a blockchain, there is also widespread disagreement over which qualities are essential in order to call something a blockchain.

Bitcoin was designed to be public. Anyone could join the network, and its blockchain was designed to keep participants honest in the absence of a central authority. The architecture sacrificed efficiency in order...

Smart contracts: are they that smart?

Contracts appear all around us in our daily lives: the agreement to meet for a coffee, to shout a friend lunch, or help pick up your in-laws from the airport during their yearly Christmas visit. Technology has not replaced the notion of contracts but simply changed the interface. The act of putting coins into a street parking meter or swiping your bus transportation card all constitute the act of participating in an agreement.

Take the ever-popular vending machine, for example. When coins are inserted, I expect the can of Coke to be dispensed, along with the appropriate amount of change. Back in the days when these vending machines were invented, they were a revolution. They were also considered smart devices. As technology has progressed, we find ourselves in another age of the vending machine revolution, only this time it involves cryptocurrencies.

"Smart contracts" was a term introduced by Szabo in an article that was published in 1996...

The peak of ICOs

When the ICO wave hit its peak in 2017, there was a mad rush to learn what was going on and how it all worked. Many people followed instructions issued by the company on how to buy into the ICO, but it was a very new and often complicated process. It involved sending bitcoin or ether to a given address that was published on a bitcointalk forum, on a Slack channel, or on the official website.

Take, for example, the Monaco ICO. An investment of one ether would return 150 MCO tokens. Monaco opened the ICO on May 18, 2017, when 1 ether was about $100 USD. This meant that one MCO was the equivalent of $1.50 USD.

The ICO finished on June 17, and about a month later, it listed on exchanges. By the end of August, it had very quickly shot up to $22 USD. The 150 MCO tokens would now be worth $3,300. That is a whopping 1,366% increase.

The peak of ICOs

Figure 10: Monaco price chart showing volatile swings (https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/monaco)

The success story being shared was that the tokens...

Summary

In this chapter, we learned about the various cryptocurrencies that existed before bitcoin and why they failed. We discussed how bitcoin was born and the founding principles it promotes, namely trust, decentralization, and transparency. Three altcoins were examined, out of the more than 1,000 that were created, with Litecoin being the only one that has consistently ranked in the top 10 of all cryptocurrencies.

The various definitions of a blockchain were compared, noting the challenge ahead for the ISO/TC 307 committee in attempting to define blockchains and DLT.

We looked at all the wonderful information people placed on the bitcoin blockchain, such as a picture of Mandela, and explained the concept of coloring bitcoins.

Smart contracts were explored and shown to exist in a simplistic form in bitcoin, but have been drastically improved with the invention of Ethereum, a global decentralized computing network. While the Ethereum platform didn't give birth to ICOs, it dramatically...

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Key benefits

  • Interviews with key figures in Tokenomics
  • Unbiased evaluation and comparison of the different offerings
  • Conceptual analysis of the market’s reaction
  • League table showing current exposure
  • An account of the theoretical and current legal foundations of alt coins and tokens
  • A complete introduction to the phases of an initial coin offering

Description

Tokenomics is the economy of this new world. This is a no-holds-barred, in-depth exploration of the way in which we can participate in the blockchain economy. The reader will learn the basics of bitcoin, blockchains, and tokenomics; what the very first ICO was; and how over a period of 5 years, various projects managed to raise the enormous sums of money they did. The book then provides insights from ICO experts and looks at what the future holds. By comparing the past, current, and future of this technology, the book will inform anyone, whatever motivates their interest. The crypto shift of blockchains, ICOs, and tokens is much more than just buying bitcoins, creating tokens, or raising millions in a minute in an ICO. It is a new paradigm shift from centralized to decentralized, from closed to open, and from opaqueness to transparency. ICOs and the creation of tokens during the craze of 2017 needed a lot of preparation, an understanding of cryptocurrencies and of emerging legal frameworks, but this has spurred a new movement to tokenize the world. The author gives an unbiased, authoritative picture of the current playing field, exploring the token opportunities and provides a unique insight into the developing world of this tokenized economy. This book will nourish hungry minds wanting to grow their knowledge in this fascinating area.

Who is this book for?

With the media hype about bitcoin, this book appeals to anyone, from those with a general interest in anything crypto, or those with some knowledge of the nuances between cryptocurrency, ICOs, IPOs and the Token economy.

What you will learn

  • The background of ICOs and how they came to be
  • The difference between a coin and a token, a utility and a security, and all the other acronyms you're likely to ever encounter
  • How these ICOs raised enormous sums of money
  • Tokenomics: structuring the token with creativity
  • Why it's important to play nicely with the regulators
  • A sneak peak into the future of ICOs from leaders in the industry
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Length: 486 pages
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Table of Contents

15 Chapters
1. Once Upon a Token Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. A Bit of Coin Theory Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. The Potential of ICOs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Token Varieties Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. The Need for a Token Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Playing by the Rules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. The Token Sales Mechanics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. White Paper, Website, and Team Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Social Media and Influencers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Marketing and the launch Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Voices of the ICO World Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. The Future Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Summary Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.4
(9 Ratings)
5 star 55.6%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 22.2%
1 star 22.2%
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Misha May 28, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Tokenomics for a novice to the world of Crypto is a great book to pick up. Sean traverses the complexity of blockchains, to cryptocurrency & ICOs beautifully. It is an easy to read breadth level view of the Tokenomic ecosystem, with a good commentary on ICOs -actual interviews with CEOs who have raised millions in capital- to social media & influencers in crypto etc.The book will give you a good foundation to jump start your evolving journey in the world of crypto.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Mr. Richard Armour Oct 23, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book should be in every school, college and university. It’s a very detailed piece of work into all aspects of Blockchain and the new world of cryptocurrencies.It’s is extremely comprehensive with background information explaining the history of Blockchain and gives good examples of the different crypto asserts.It’s written well and is not full of technology babble which could have confused the reader.Instead it’s easy to read and understand even for a newbie to this space.The last section includes a look into the future with the authors’ opinions on the next 5 years.I highly recommend Tokenomics to anyone who wants a reference guide to all things Blcockchain, cryptocurrency, ICOs, STOs, regulation and tokens.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Peter Pastewka Aug 20, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Please read this to get introduced to the world of tokens.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
YY Jun 27, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Quite easy to read. However, ICO, ITO, IDO, IEO markets are not good !
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kirsten McRae Nov 14, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This was a fantastic book. Excellent content and learning around blockchain, crypto currencies, ICOs and tokens. Loved the way they explained it all with great examples throughout the book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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