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The C++ Workshop
The C++ Workshop

The C++ Workshop: Learn to write clean, maintainable code in C++ and advance your career in software engineering

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Profile Icon Dale Green Profile Icon Kurt Guntheroth Profile Icon Shaun Ross Mitchell
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$43.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (7 Ratings)
Paperback Feb 2020 606 pages 1st Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Dale Green Profile Icon Kurt Guntheroth Profile Icon Shaun Ross Mitchell
Arrow right icon
$43.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (7 Ratings)
Paperback Feb 2020 606 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$31.99 $35.99
Paperback
$43.99
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Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
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The C++ Workshop

2. Control Flow

Overview

This chapter presents various tools and techniques that are used to control the flow of execution throughout applications. This includes, but is not limited to: if statements, switch statements, and various loops. We will also look at how we control the lifetime of our applications using these techniques, and how they are to be used efficiently. The chapter will end with the creation of a number guessing that that will implement various loops and conditional statements.

Introduction

In the first chapter, we covered the absolute essentials of C++ and looked at the key components of a C++ application. We looked at how applications run, how they're built, and how we can get information in and out of them with some basic I/O. Up until this point, the applications we've built have mainly run sequentially; that is, the code we've written has been executed line by line, sequentially. While that's great for demonstration purposes, this generally isn't how real-world applications work.

In order to represent logical systems correctly, we need to be flexible in what we do and when. For example, we may only want to perform a certain action if a given statement is true or to return to an earlier piece of code again. Manipulating execution in this manner is known as control flow (or program flow), and is the topic of this chapter.

To begin with, we are going to look at the humble if statement, one of the most fundamental logic statements...

if/else

One of the most basic, yet most important, control flow statements is if. This simple keyword is at the heart of all logic, allowing us to perform a given action only if a specified condition is true. By chaining these if statements together in creative ways, we can model any logical system.

The syntax for an if statement is as follows:

    if (condition) { // do stuff. }

If the statement we use as our condition resolves to true, then the code within the curly braces will be executed. If the statement is false, then it will be skipped. Our condition can be anything that can be either true or false. This can be something simple, such as checking the value of a Boolean, or something more complex, such as the result of another operation or function.

We also have the else statement. This allows code to be executed if, and only if, a preceding if statement's condition evaluates to false. If the condition evaluates to true, however, and the if...

switch/case

As we've seen, we can use if/else to perform certain actions based on which conditions are true. This is great when you're evaluating multiple conditional statements to determine flow, such as the following:

    if (checkThisCondition)
    {
        // Do something ...
    }
    else if (checkAnotherCondition)
    {
        // Do something else ...
    }

When we're evaluating the different possibilities of a single variable, however, we have a different statement available to us: the switch statement. This allows us to branch in a similar way to an if/else statement, but each branch is based on a different possible value of a single variable that we're switching on.

A good example of where this would be suitable is the menu application we created...

Loops

Alongside if statements, loops are among the most fundamental of programming concepts. Without loops, our code would execute by running through our logic statements one by one and then ending. That's how our applications have worked so far; however, in reality, this really isn't practical. Systems tend to consist of many moving parts, and code execution will jump all around the code base to where it's needed.

We've seen how this can be achieved by creating branches in our code where statements can be evaluated, and we do different things based on the outcome. Another way we do this is via loops. Loops allow us to rerun sections of code, either a set or indefinite number of times depending on which one we choose. We're going to be looking at three: while, do while, and for loops.

while

A while loop is one of the most basic loops in your arsenal and is usually the outermost loop in an application. When execution enters a while loop it typically...

break/continue

Having the ability to loop sections of code is very important, but it has to be used carefully. We've seen that it's possible to create loops that never end, and another concern is ensuring that they're used efficiently. So far, the loops we've looked at have been small, and we've been happy to see them run through in their entirety. But what if we needed more control over our loops, perhaps to end one early? Thankfully, we have two important keywords to help us with that—break and continue.

break

break is a C++ keyword that will exit the current loop, with execution jumping to the next section of code if there is any. This keyword works with the different types of loop that we've covered so far, and we can demonstrate it nicely using a simple counting application, as shown in the following snippet:

// Break example.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
    std::cout <<...

Summary

In this chapter, we've learned about program flow and how we can manipulate the flow of execution through our applications. This is fundamental for representing logical systems.

We started by looking at basic if/else statements. These allow us to branch our code based on conditions and are one of the most fundamental ideas in programming. With this branching ability, we're able to replicate logical systems and behaviors by controlling the flow of execution through our application. We then looked at some alternatives to the basic if/else statement, such as switch and ternary statements.

Next, we looked at a number of different loops. We started with while and do while loops; loops that run indefinitely so long as the condition they're checking is true. We then looked at for loops, which run for a set number of iterations. Finally, we looked at range-based loops, which are useful for iterating over collections. We ended by looking at how we can...

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Key benefits

  • Gain a solid understanding of the syntax and anatomy of C++
  • Implement best practices when building high-performance C++ programs
  • Prepare for real-world development tasks by tackling engaging activities

Description

C++ is the backbone of many games, GUI-based applications, and operating systems. Learning C++ effectively is more than a matter of simply reading through theory, as the real challenge is understanding the fundamentals in depth and being able to use them in the real world. If you're looking to learn C++ programming efficiently, this Workshop is a comprehensive guide that covers all the core features of C++ and how to apply them. It will help you take the next big step toward writing efficient, reliable C++ programs. The C++ Workshop begins by explaining the basic structure of a C++ application, showing you how to write and run your first program to understand data types, operators, variables and the flow of control structures. You'll also see how to make smarter decisions when it comes to using storage space by declaring dynamic variables during program runtime. Moving ahead, you'll use object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques such as inheritance, polymorphism, and class hierarchies to make your code structure organized and efficient. Finally, you'll use the C++ standard library?s built-in functions and templates to speed up different programming tasks. By the end of this C++ book, you will have the knowledge and skills to confidently tackle your own ambitious projects and advance your career as a C++ developer.

Who is this book for?

This Workshop is for anyone who is new to C++ who wants to build a strong foundation for C++ game programming or application development. Basic prior knowledge of data structures and OOP concepts, as well as experience in any other programming language, will help you grasp the concepts covered in this book more easily.

What you will learn

  • Understand how a C++ program is written, executed, and compiled
  • Efficiently work with the essential C++ data types and variables
  • Build your own C++ applications by writing clear and error-free code
  • Grasp the core principles behind object-oriented programming
  • Simplify your code by using templates and the standard library
  • Debug logical errors and handle exceptions in your program
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Length: 606 pages
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Your First C++ Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Control Flow Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Built-In Data Types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Operators Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Pointers and References Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Dynamic Variables Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Ownership and Lifetime of Dynamic Variables Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Classes and Structs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Object-Oriented Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Advanced Object-Oriented Principles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Templates Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Containers and Iterators Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Exception Handling in C++ Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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RAJA MOHAN REDDY May 16, 2021
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Awesome book. It is really recommendated for the starters. They have explained about SOLID principle and important data structures topis like queue, and stack vector.
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Grant A. Sep 03, 2021
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C++ and unreal engine 4 = choose this book if you wanna learn the basics
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Martin Sinnaeve Sep 26, 2021
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Clear and simple start in the C++ language, a steady built up in knowledge, and not focusing on any IDE.
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Luis Carlos Absalon Rojas Torres Dec 10, 2021
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Ja seguia o autor no QUORA onde sempre dava aquelas respostas sobre c++, ai quando fiquei sabendo que lançou um livro de c++ geral comprei. Olha conteudo muito bom hein!
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absk198 Jun 13, 2021
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Good read. Easy to follow. Quite useful for beginner and intermediate level developers
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