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Raspberry Pi LED Blueprints
Raspberry Pi LED Blueprints

Raspberry Pi LED Blueprints: Design, build, and test LED-based projects using the Raspberry Pi

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Raspberry Pi LED Blueprints

Chapter 2. Make Your Own Countdown Timer

In this chapter, we will learn how to work with a 7-segment display. Then we will build a countdown timer. The basics of 7-segment display programming will be introduced. Furthermore, we will learn what a shift register is and how to use it to enhance the handling of several 7-segment display modules.

From this chapter, you will learn the following topics:

  • Introducing a 7-segment display
  • Introducing a shift register
  • Driving a 7-segment display using a shift register
  • Working with the 4-digit 7-segment display
  • Building a countdown timer

Introducing a 7-segment display

In general, a 7-segment display consists of seven LEDs, and an additional LED is used for a dot (DP pin). This then allows us to display each of the 10 decimal digits 0 to 9 on the same 7-segment display.

Introducing a 7-segment display

There are two types of LED 7-segment displays, named common cathode (CC) and common anode (CA). Each LED has two connecting pins: the anode and the cathode. A sample LED datasheet can be found at http://www.kitronik.co.uk/pdf/7_segment_display_datasheet.pdf.

Introducing a 7-segment display

We can show a number on the 7-segment display by combining LED lighting through its pins. For instance, if we want to display the number 7, we should turn on LEDs a, b, and c. To turn an LED on/off, we can use Raspberry Pi GPIO:

Introducing a 7-segment display

Furthermore, we are going to build a program to display the numbers 0 to 9 using Python. The following is the hardware required:

Introducing a shift register

If our project needs to control 32 LEDs, we would normally require 32 pins of a microcontroller (MCU). The problem is that every MCU has a limited number of pins for GPIO. To address this issue, we can extend our MCU GPIO pins.

One of the solutions to extend GPIO pins is to use a shift register. We can use 74HC595 to extend the GPIO output pins. If you want to extend the GPIO input pins, you can use 74HC165. The schema of 74HC595 can be seen in the following figure:

Introducing a shift register

The Q0 to Q7 pins are the parallel output from the chip. The DS pin is the serial data. STCP is the latch pin, and SHCP is the clock pin.

In this section, you will see how to implement a shift register to extend Raspberry Pi GPIO output pins using IC 74HC595 (Sparkfun, https://www.sparkfun.com/products/733). We need eight LEDs for the demonstration. The program will turn on only one LED at a time. It starts from LED 1 to 8. The hardware wiring is shown in the following figure:

Introducing a shift register

When the output enable...

Driving a 7-segment display using a shift register

We have already learned how to use a shift register using 74HC595. In this section, we will try to use a shift register to drive a 7-segment display.

To drive a 7-segment display using a shift register, you can connect 74HC595 to the 7-segment module. The following is the hardware wiring:

  • 74HC595 Q0 to Q6 pins to 7-segment a to b pins
  • The 74HC595 Q7 pin to the 7-segment DP pin
  • The 74HC595 VCC pin is connected to Raspberry Pi VCC +3.3 V
  • The 74HC595 GND pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GND
  • The 74HC595 DS/Data pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GPIO25 (wPi 6)
  • The 74HC595 OE pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GPIO GND
  • The 74HC595 STCP/LATCH pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GPIO24 (wPi 5)
  • The 74HC595 SHCP/Clock pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GPIO23 (wPi 4)
  • The 74HC595 MR pin is connected to Raspberry Pi GPIO VCC +3.3 V
Driving a 7-segment display using a shift register

You can see that there are resistors on the wiring. These components are used to prevent the higher current flow on you wiring so a resistor...

Working with a 4-digit 7-segment display

After learning how to use a shift register with a 7-segment display, we are going to explore how to apply a shift register on a 4-digit 7-segment display. In general, a 4-digit 7-segment display consists of four 7-segment display modules. You can see this module scheme in the following figure (source: http://www.g-nor.com/html/GNQ-5643Ax-Bx.pdf):

Working with a 4-digit 7-segment display

You can see that four 7-segment display modules have been connected and shared on a, b, c, d, f, g, and DP pins. To display the first digit on 7-segment, you can set a value high on digit-1 (DIG 1). Otherwise, you can display the second digit on 7-segment by setting a value high on digit-2 (DIG 2). It means only one 7-segment display is running. You can run all 7-segment displays by manipulating the delay shown on this module.

For a sample illustration, you can see how to display a 4-digit number on this module. To achieve this, we need two 74HC595 shift registers. These chips are formed as cascading shift...

Building a countdown timer

In the previous section, we already learned how to display four digits on a 7-segment module and wrote the program for displaying a 4-digit number (ch02_04.py). In this section, we continue to build a simple program for a countdown timer using a 4-digit 7-segment module and two 74HC595 shift registers.

Our scenario is to get a number input from the user, for instance, 30. After this, the number is displayed on the module. Then, we decrease the number down to 0.

Let's copy the ch02_04.py file and then modify it as follows:

# ch02_05.py
…
…
print("Running...")
number_s = raw_input("Enter a number (1-999): ")
number = int(number_s)
print("Countdown " + number_s)
try:
    timer = 0

    while 1:
        digit = number

        LED_display(0, digit % 10, 0)
        digit /= 10
        time.sleep(0.01)

        LED_display(1, digit % 10, 0)
        time.sleep(0.01)
        digit /= 10

        LED_display(2, digit % 10,...

Introducing a 7-segment display


In general, a 7-segment display consists of seven LEDs, and an additional LED is used for a dot (DP pin). This then allows us to display each of the 10 decimal digits 0 to 9 on the same 7-segment display.

There are two types of LED 7-segment displays, named common cathode (CC) and common anode (CA). Each LED has two connecting pins: the anode and the cathode. A sample LED datasheet can be found at http://www.kitronik.co.uk/pdf/7_segment_display_datasheet.pdf.

We can show a number on the 7-segment display by combining LED lighting through its pins. For instance, if we want to display the number 7, we should turn on LEDs a, b, and c. To turn an LED on/off, we can use Raspberry Pi GPIO:

Furthermore, we are going to build a program to display the numbers 0 to 9 using Python. The following is the hardware required:

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Description

Blinking LED is a popular application when getting started in embedded development. By customizing and utilising LED-based modules into the Raspberry Pi board, exciting projects can be obtained. A countdown timer, a digital clock, a traffic light controller, and a remote light controller are a list of LED-based inspired project samples for Raspberry Pi. An LED is a simple actuator device that displays lighting and can be controlled easily from a Raspberry Pi. This book will provide you with the ability to control LEDs from Raspberry Pi, starting from describing an idea through designing and implementing several projects based on LEDs, such as, 7-segments, 4-digits 7 segment, and dot matrix displays. Beginning with step-by-step instructions on installation and configuration, this book can either be read from cover to cover or treated as an essential reference companion to your Raspberry Pi. Samples for the project application are provided such as a countdown timer, a digital clock, a traffic light controller, a remote light controller, and an LED-based Internet of Things, so you get more practice in the art of Raspberry Pi development. Raspberry Pi LED Blueprints is an essential reference guide full of practical solutions to help you build LED-based applications.
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Publication date : Sep 24, 2015
Length: 180 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781782175759
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ISBN-13 : 9781782175759
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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Getting Started with LED Programming through Raspberry Pi GPIO Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Make Your Own Countdown Timer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Make Your Own Digital Clock Display Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. LED Dot Matrix Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Building Your Own Traffic Light Controller Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Building Your Own Light Controller-based Bluetooth Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Making Your Own Controlled Lamps Through Internet Network Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.2
(5 Ratings)
5 star 20%
4 star 80%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Neeraj Sharma Oct 22, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very well documented step by step approach to understand Raspberry Pi and the its interaction with the real world examples. Enjoyed the detail oriented approach - a must have for beginners to intermediate use.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Neal A Gordon Oct 21, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Packt consistently creates well written, applicable books on electronics and programming with good examples. I have learned Linux personal computing and servers, python, and specific python modules with great detail from Packt.This book in particular is a great introduction to Linux with Raspberry Pi and electronics. The code examples and a pdf can be downloaded or viewed on their website. The examples are fun and useful and you will learn faster than learning from forums.Help support open source software by buying books from Packt!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Annette Herbst Oct 29, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
When I first saw the title of the book I thought by my self, why for god sake does someone publish a book on such a seemingly simple task on how to switch LEDs on and off with a Raspberry Pi (RPi). But curiosity won and I bought the book.Chapter 1 shortly introduces the raspberry and gives hints to install the required software. The first project starts already on page 7: It is (of course) a "Hello World project”: Three LEDs will blink, a GPIO will be read and several colors will be displayed using a RGB LED.Chapter 2 deals with 7-segment displays, shift registers and the design and implementation of a countdown timer.Chapter 3 describes a 4-digit-7-segment digital clock, introduces the I2C Bus and implements a digital clock using an OLED Graphic display.In Chapter 4 the author "plays" with an 8x8 LED dot matrix display in connection with the integrated circuit MAX7219.Chapter 5 describes a traffic light controller. In course of this project a channel relay module is introduced, a method is presented which allows the expansion of the number of GPIOs of the RPI. Finally, the author connects several integrated circuits of type MCP23017 to build a cascaded traffic light controller.Chapter 6 shows how to set up Bluetooth and establishing Bluetooth communication between a RPi und an Android Device in order to build a remote LED light controller.Chapter 7 is the most interesting part of the book because it deals with controlling LEDs via the Internet ("Internet of Things"). The chapter starts showing how to connect the RPI to a network (cable and WiFi), it then demonstrates how to implement Node.js on the RPi. After building a simple webserver using Node.js the author implements a RESTful system using Express for Node.js. He uses JSON to exchange data between the server and the client. Then he develops a program that allows the user to control LEDs connected to the RPi by a browser running on another (distant) computer. In the final part of this chapter the author develops an Android App by means of PhoneGap, a tool developed to build a cross-platform mobile app. This PhoneGap App combined with the above mentioned program enables the user to switch on 3 LEDs with his mobile Android device.To summarize:I don’t regret that I bought the book. It is well written and you don't have to be an EE-student to understand the technical content of chapter 1-6. The material presented in chapter 7 is quite ambitious for a newbie and it takes further reading of the given references to fully understand what’s going on.In order to really benefit from this book the reader should have some knowledge of Python, Java, Node.js, JSON etc. But even if he doesn't have prior knowledge, this book will provide him with well-documented "blueprints" which enables him to build the projects described therein himself. With minor changes he may use the blueprints to control other sensors or actuator.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Christoph Lipp Oct 27, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I really liked the book. Reading through it was a breeze and following the example provided a lot of insight in gpio programming in python and with the raspberry in general. I'm looking forward to get a bigger led matrix panel and build a huge led clock :-DNext I'd like to try a few of the examples on the windows 10 iot core operating system, since working with visual studio and c# is also a lot of fun.
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Philip Verhoeven Oct 24, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I bought the e-book and I liked that the book goes (far) beyond the basics.The experiments are fun tot try (after reading this book, I look different at traffic lights :-)), but challenging and rewarding.In my opinion previous experience with the RaspberryPi is necessary.
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