Mastering TypoScript: TYPO3 Website, Template, and Extension Development:

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Paperback Dec 2006 404 pages 1st Edition

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Mastering TypoScript: TYPO3 Website, Template, and Extension Development

Chapter 2. Getting to Know TypoScript

This chapter will look at the main features of TypoScript. We will explain the basic principles that are a part of learning any new language. Although TypoScript is not a programming language in the normal sense, it contains many features that you would expect a programming language to have, such as operators, constants, and datatypes. You will learn about these in this chapter.

Hello World!

What better way to begin than with the classic "Hello World" program? In this section, you will not only write your first TypoScript code, but also create your first TypoScript template. We are assuming that you have installed the Dummy Package and have not created a template yet. If you already have a template, you may skip the template creation section and go straight to the actual TypoScript section.

Creating a Template

There are a number of different ways to create the template. We will look at two of these methods, but the others work just as well. For the first...

Datatypes

Like other programming languages TypoScript has datatypes, but there are some differences between datatypes in TypoScript and in other languages. There are too many datatypes to list here, so we will only look at the basic types here.

Simple Datatypes

Some of the datatypes in TypoScript occur in other programming languages, but others will be less familiar. The following table shows you some of the more important datatypes:

Data type	Description
`boolean`	The truth content of a statement is represented as a `boolean` value. By default, the values used are `1` for true and `0` for false.
`int`	An integer is represented by an `int` value. For example, the `xy` property of a `GIFBUILDER` object, which determines the size of the graphic, is represented by two `int` values—by setting `xy = 200, 300`, a graphic of breadth `200` and height `300` pixels is generated.
`string`	The datatype `string` represents a string of characters. The `altText` property of a `GIFBUILDER` object, which is used to assign...

Key benefits

Powerful control and customization using TypoScript
Covers templates, extensions, admin, interface, menus, and database control
You don't need to be an experienced PHP developer to use the power of TypoScript

Description

Free, open-source, flexible, and scalable, TYPO3 is one of the most powerful PHP content management systems. It is well suited for creating intranets and extranets for the enterprise. While providing an easy-to-use web interface for non-technical authors and editors of content, its messaging and workflow system enable shared authoring and collaboration. TYPO3 provides flexible and powerful interfaces for both content editors and administrators, giving them full control of the core aspects the system. However for developers who need to customize the system, TYPO3 offers a powerful configuration language called TypoScript. Good knowledge of TypoScript is really a prerequisite for implementing complex applications with TYPO3 and gives developers full control over the configuration of TYPO3 and its template engine. TypoScript enables the complete output template to be created and manipulated, giving you full control over the layout of the site. TypoScript also allows you to integrate dynamic contents, JavaScript-based menus, Flash, Graphics, etc. with ease. You have maximum control over the design of the website and can control all options that would otherwise be addressed by HTML-simple text output, formatting, and much more. TypoScript also allows you to generate graphics at run time and display different content dynamically.

Who is this book for?

This book is suitable for TYPO3 developers, administrators, and designers who want to develop fully featured TYPO3 websites using the power of TypoScript. A basic knowledge of TYPO3 is expected, and PHP and MySQL programming experience is useful, though not essential for using this book

What you will learn

Design and develop templates in TYPO3ñdesign templates, pure TypoScript templates, and TemplaVoila
Develop extensions in TYPO3; build extensions using Kickstarter
Understand the objects, properties, operators, and data types in TypoScript
Use and customize different text editors like HTMLAreaRTE and Rich-Text-Editor
Understand the entire TYPO3 back end, including the Info/Modify tool, the Object browser, the Template Analyzer, and the TypoScript Properties display
Edit the front end using the Admin panel
Work with design templates using markers, subparts, and HTML comments
Understand how to present different views of content with different menu entry types
Understand TYPO3 database structure and query it using SQL
Use user groups to distribute the editing and management of content on your site
Customize the back end with Page TSConfig and User TSConfig

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Nathan Smith Apr 30, 2007

Few systems, retail or open source, are as powerful as TYPO3. More than just a typical CMS, it is a complete web application framework. Part of what makes it so popular is the extensibility, allowing developers to create additional functionality. However, TYPO3 is not without its drawbacks. It has a notoriously difficult learning curve, and the admin area leaves quite a bit to be desired as far as usability. TYPO3 has taken off in Europe, winning multiple awards. In the USA though, it has yet to gain a foot-hold.That is, except for the Web Empowered Church, which uses TYPO3 as the CMS and framework of choice for building church websites. My two latest freelance clients have been two churches with thousands of attendees each week. Each of them makes use of the WEC extensions written for TYPO3, via TypoScript.So, now that we have a background on what TypoScript is exactly, let's talk about the book Mastering TypoScript. It was written by Daniel Koch, then translated from the original German version to English by Wolfgang Spegg. It presupposes familiarity with TYPO3 and PHP, delving right away into the guts of the system. Here's what I gleaned from the book...SyntaxThe first chapter begins with an introduction of TypoScript which, true to the similarity in name, is somewhat reminiscent of JavaScript. The way that variables and properties are defined looks a bit like JS dot notation and object literal declaration. By way of comparison, here is how JavaScript and TypoScript might look if constructing an object named mustang.JavaScript - dot notation:// Create empty object: "mustang"// and then add properties to it.var mustang = {}; mustang.manufacturer = 'Ford'; mustang.build = 'American'; mustang.category = 'sport'; mustang.doors = 2; mustang.passengers = 4;JavaScript - object literal:var mustang = { 'manufacturer' = 'Ford'; 'build' = 'American'; 'category' = 'sport'; 'doors' = 2; 'passengers' = 4;};TypoScript - dot notation:mustang = CARmustang.manufacturer = TEXTmustang.manufacturer.value = Fordmustang.build = TEXTmustang.build.value = Americanmustang.category = TEXTmustang.category.value = sportmustang.model = TEXTmustang.doors = 2mustang.passengers = 4TypoScript - object literal:mustang = CARmustang { manufacturer = TEXT manufacturer.value = Ford build = TEXT build.value = American category = TEXT category.value = sport model = TEXT doors = 2 passengers = 4}As you can see from the above examples, while the syntax is similar, TypoScript is a bit more verbose. It requires specifically describing a values as either TEXT or HTML in order for TYPO3 to handle the values correctly. Values not declared as any type will default to being treated as a number.With JavaScript, simply enclosing a value in single or double quotes is enough. Numbers which are not contained in quotes are considered numeric values in JavaScript. Additionally, performing math on a number stored as a text will convert it to a number, such as multiplying it by 1.Rich Text EditorTYPO3 allows you to control a number of HTML related properties, which arguably should never be handled in markup anyways. These include: * bgcolor * bold * italics * center * font size * font style * font family * indentation * strikethrough * text color * underlineThis list of discrepancies simply points to aspects of TYPO3 which arose in its formative stages, and remain for legacy support. Any self-respecting web developer knows that purely presentation aspects like those should be left to CSS alone, and should never be embedded in HTML.Luckily, you can also restrict tools which can be used by content writers. Doing so simply requires specifying an allowTags array. You can conveniently omit deprecated presentational tags, to keep them from being used at all. This way, you pare down some of TYPO3's power, lest it be wielded haphazardly.TemplatingAnother interesting thing about TYPO3 is the concept of markers. These are a bit like variables which allow you to plant dynamic content within the skeleton of an HTML document. For instance, if I wanted to have the top-level heading on a page change, I would denote it in the design template like so...<h1>###TITLE_OF_NEWS_STORY###</h1>There is also another method of templating on the horizon, called TemplaVoilà. It makes it possible for TypoScript developers to integrate templates using a visual interface, never having to touch any PHP. I am usually leery of GUI tools because the code the create typically isn't what I'm trying to accomplish on a granular level. However, from what I've heard from TYPO3 gurus, this is not actually creating HTML for you, simply allowing you to map dynamic content to areas of your static page skeleton. See the TYPO3 wiki for more on that.GraphicsTYPO3 can also handle graphics processing on the server. This requires two PHP libraries to be installed. The first is GDLib, typically enabled in most PHP configurations. The second is ImageMagick, which is great for scaling images to create photo thumbnails. These yield a dizzing array of possible visual effects: adjusting image tone, crop, rotate, invert colors, emboss, scale, shadow, outline - to name a few. These should of course be used sparingly.FormsTYPO3 also has a form builder, allowing the admin to create complete forms without necessarily having to know HTML. Mandatory fields can be set for things like sign-up forms, where the user must enter a minimum amount of personal information in order to register for an event. You can also create login forms for certain sections of a site. This would be good for a personnel directory, which you'd not want publicly viewable due to email spam and telemarketers.ExtensionsChapter 11 covers extensions. There are a few examples given, such as a chat room extension and newsletter extension. It then goes on to explain how you would go about writing your own extension, if you needed additional functionality not covered by existing options.i18nChapter 13 is all about how to use TYPO3 in a multilingual environment. Entire sites can be configured to be auto-translated into different languages. While I'm sure these site versions aren't 100% accurate (nothing automated is), it would certainly go a long way to appealing to a broader audience. It supports an impressive number of languages, with the current count at over 30.SummaryTYPO3 has tremendous breadth and depth, but is not exactly the most user friendly CMS. The fact that there is an entire configuration language dedicated to it makes the learning curve a bit intimidating for newcomers. Additionally, the drabness of the administrative interface is a bit of a turn-off.However, for the amount of power in customization that it offers, you'd be hard pressed to find another option that runs on PHP. Django is similar in complexity and flexibility, but it's written in Python. Bottom line, if you find yourself working with TYPO3, I'd highly recommend Mastering TypoScript.

Amazon Verified review

Diane Cipollo Mar 27, 2007

TYPO3 is a free, open-source template-based content management system which has a user-friendly workspace for editing and authoring content. The TYPO3 template engine can be used as is or you can add more functionality and customization to the system with the TypoScript language. This book by Daniel Koch will help you understand TYPO3 and TypoScript and how to customize your TYPO3 site layout in several ways including generating dynamic menus and graphics.Koch begins with an introduction to both TYPO3 and TypoScript. He discusses the building blocks of TypoScript such as objects, properties, operators and data types. Next he introduces a few helpful tools including the Ultra Edit text editor as well as the Constant Editor which is used for editing the standard TYPO3 templates. These design templates are what control the layout of the TYPO3 site. However, these templates are different from the HTML templates you may have encountered. Koch explains these differences and how to use markers, subparts and placeholders to control dynamic content.Koch then moves on to dynamic menu and image generation. He discusses how you can do a lot of graphic processing with TypoScript from embedding and modifying the size of your images to using GIFBUILDER to generate dynamic images. He also covers how TYPO3 can add shadows and embossing effects. Finally, he covers how to use TypoScript for image caching.Without a navigation menu, your site visitors will not be able to go beyond the homepage. Koch discusses the creation and customization of dynamic text, graphical and JavaScript based menus with TypoScript. Then he covers using the HMENU object for hierarchical menus. Frames are also used to control the layout of a website and Koch covers TYPO3's IFRAME and IFRAME2 extensions.Part of your site will require a membership area and login authentication. TYPO3 supports forms, such as a login form, and Koch shows you how to create forms for your site with the Forms Wizard. He discusses how to set up forms with required fields and how to add CSS style. Next, he shows how to use TypoScript and the Front End User Admin and MailformPlus extensions. If you have a large, dynamic driven website you will need database functionality. Koch covers how to program SQL queries within TYPO3.You may want to add other extensions or create your own extensions. Koch covers both of these topics. He shows how to use the Extension Manager to install and manage several TYPO3 extensions which include a news, chat, newsletter and calendar extensions. Next, he covers how to make your own extensions with Kickstarter.Once you have your site layout and extensions in place, Koch covers how to use TypoScript to optimize your site, add a multiple language option, and generate PDF pages of your site. Finally, Koch covers the steps needed to make a TYPO3 site search engine friendly.Daniel Koch is an author and developer specializing in open source applications and content management systems.

T3J_kazu May 23, 2007

TYPO3のスクリプト言語　TypoScript は非常にパワフルで使いやすい言語です。TYPO3のほとんどの動作をコントロールでき、PHP言語などとの連携も可能です。TypoScriptのデベロッパーマニュアルは、豊富にありますが、ドイツ語が多く、英語はその次ですが、全体を学ぶマニュアルとして、この本は最適です。本の中に説明されているサンプルコードも出版社のWebサイトからダウンロードでき、読みながら動作確認する際に便利でした。出来れば、もう少し、実際のScriptを実行した際に動作する画面などのハードコピーが多いと、読みながら確認できます。また、実際にチュートリアル的に、コードを作りこみながら動作を学べるように、サンプルコーディングのフローに一貫性があると、覚えるのに早いように感じました。

P Mar 10, 2014

Material was as in the description. And delivery was very fast: it fit what was stated in the advertisement. Great seller

N. Krumpe Nov 19, 2007

I purchased this book knowing that there is a steep learning curve for Typo3. I was hoping to develop a church web site, and I truly believe that Typo3 is the way to go.However, even after spending time with this book, I'm still quite overwhelmed by all that Typo3 involves. The book, in my opinion, is not well edited. Often, it tries to walk you through some kind of step-by-step tutorial, but there are so many inconsistencies between what's in the book and what's on my screen that I get really frustrated.I'll keep trudging through it, but I really wish I could find a well written Typo3 tutorial or book.

Mastering TypoScript: TYPO3 Website, Template, and Extension Development:

What do you get with Print?

Mastering TypoScript: TYPO3 Website, Template, and Extension Development

Chapter 2. Getting to Know TypoScript

Hello World!

Creating a Template

Hello World!

Creating a Template

Objects and Properties

Operators

Value Assignment

Datatypes

Simple Datatypes

Working with TSref

Datatypes

Objects and Properties

Conditions

Functions

Summary

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