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Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing – Fourth Edition
Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing – Fourth Edition

Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing – Fourth Edition: Become a cybersecurity ethical hacking expert using Metasploit, Nmap, Wireshark, and Burp Suite , Fourth Edition

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Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing – Fourth Edition

Open-Source Intelligence and Passive Reconnaissance

Gathering all possible information on a target is always the most important aspect of a penetration tester’s thinking to achieve the best outcomes. In cybersecurity, gathering information through publicly available sources is often referred to as Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT). Passive reconnaissance through OSINT occurs during the first step of the kill chain when conducting a penetration test or attack against a given organization. An attacker will typically dedicate up to 75% of the overall work effort for a penetration test to reconnaissance, as it is this phase that allows the target to be defined, mapped, and explored for the vulnerabilities that will eventually lead to exploitation.

There are two types of reconnaissance:

  • Passive reconnaissance (direct and indirect)
  • Active reconnaissance

Passive reconnaissance is the art of collecting and analyzing openly available information, usually...

Basic principles of reconnaissance

Reconnaissance, or recon, is the first step of the kill chain when conducting a penetration test or an attack against a data target. It is conducted before the actual test or attack on a target network. The findings will give us an idea of where additional reconnaissance may be required or the vulnerabilities that can be capitalized upon during the exploitation phase. Reconnaissance activities are segmented on a gradient of interactivity with the target network or device.

Passive reconnaissance does not involve any malicious, direct interaction with the target network. The attacker’s source IP address and activities are not logged (for example, a Google search for the target’s email addresses will not leave a trail that the target can detect). It is difficult, if not impossible, for the target to differentiate passive reconnaissance from normal business activities.

Passive reconnaissance is divided further into the categories...

Scraping

A technique that attackers utilize to extract a large number of datasets from websites, whereby the extracted data is stored locally in a filesystem, is called scraping, or web scraping. In the following section, we will utilize some of the most commonly used tools in Kali Linux to perform scraping.

Gathering usernames and email addresses

theHarvester is a Python script that searches through popular search engines and other sites for email addresses, hosts, and sub-domains. Using theHarvester is relatively simple, as there are only a few command switches to set. The options are as follows:

  • -d: This identifies the domain to be searched, usually the domain or target’s website.
  • -b: This identifies the source for extracting the data; it must be one of the following: Bing, BingAPI, Google, Google-Profiles, Jigsaw, LinkedIn, People123, PGP, or All.
  • -l: This limiting option instructs theHarvester to only harvest data from a specified number...

Google Hacking Database

The rise of an infodemic during the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world economy. The public generally utilizes Google to keep themselves updated; “google it” is a common idiom that can refer to a search for any type of information, whether it be a simple search query, or when collating information on a given topic. In this section, we will narrow down how penetration testers can utilize Google through dorks.

A Google dork or Google Hacking query is a search string that uses advanced search techniques and methods to find information that is not readily available about a target website. These dorks can return information that is difficult to locate through simple search queries.

Using dork scripts to query Google

The first step in understanding Google Hacking Database (GHDB) is that the testers must understand all the advanced Google operators, just like how machine-level programming engineers must...

Creating custom wordlists for cracking passwords

There are multiple tools that are readily available in Kali Linux to create custom wordlists for cracking passwords offline. We will now take a look at a couple of them.

Using CeWL to map a website

CeWL is a Ruby app that spiders a given URL to a specified depth, optionally following external links, and returns a list of words that can then be used in password crackers, such as John the Ripper. Figure 2.26 provides the custom list of words generated from the Google index page:

Figure 2.26: Creating custom password list using the CeWL from the web pages

These texts extracted from the web pages sometimes include the HTML comments that are left by the developers, which can be very useful for performing more informed attacks.

Extracting words from Twitter using twofi

While we can profile a user on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, we can also use twofi, which stands...

Summary

This chapter has detailed the first step in an attack process or kill chain: to conduct information harvesting, or passive reconnaissance, to identify the right information on the target with the power of OSINT. Passive reconnaissance provides a real-time view of an attacker’s perspective on a target company. This is a stealthy assessment: the IP address and activities of an attacker are almost indistinguishable from normal business traffic.

The same information is extremely fruitful during social engineering attacks or when facilitating other attacks. We took a deep dive into the use of automated tools to save time and performed passive reconnaissance using both offensive and defensive OSINT.

In the next chapter, we will learn the difference between the types of reconnaissance in an active sense and make use of the data that was harvested using OSINT. Although active reconnaissance techniques will provide more information, there is always an increase in the...

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Key benefits

  • Explore red teaming and play the hackers game to proactively defend your infrastructure
  • Use OSINT, Google dorks, Nmap, recon-nag, and other tools for passive and active reconnaissance
  • Learn about the latest email, Wi-Fi, and mobile-based phishing techniques

Description

Remote working has given hackers plenty of opportunities as more confidential information is shared over the internet than ever before. In this new edition of Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing, you’ll learn an offensive approach to enhance your penetration testing skills by testing the sophisticated tactics employed by real hackers. You’ll go through laboratory integration to cloud services so that you learn another dimension of exploitation that is typically forgotten during a penetration test. You'll explore different ways of installing and running Kali Linux in a VM and containerized environment and deploying vulnerable cloud services on AWS using containers, exploiting misconfigured S3 buckets to gain access to EC2 instances. This book delves into passive and active reconnaissance, from obtaining user information to large-scale port scanning. Building on this, different vulnerability assessments are explored, including threat modeling. See how hackers use lateral movement, privilege escalation, and command and control (C2) on compromised systems. By the end of this book, you’ll have explored many advanced pentesting approaches and hacking techniques employed on networks, IoT, embedded peripheral devices, and radio frequencies.

Who is this book for?

This fourth edition is for security analysts, pentesters, ethical hackers, red team operators, and security consultants wanting to learn and optimize infrastructure/application/cloud security using advanced Kali Linux features. Prior penetration testing experience and basic knowledge of ethical hacking will help you make the most of this book.

What you will learn

  • Exploit networks using wired/wireless networks, cloud infrastructure, and web services
  • Learn embedded peripheral device, Bluetooth, RFID, and IoT hacking techniques
  • Master the art of bypassing traditional antivirus and endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools
  • Test for data system exploits using Metasploit, PowerShell Empire, and CrackMapExec
  • Perform cloud security vulnerability assessment and exploitation of security misconfigurations
  • Use bettercap and Wireshark for network sniffing
  • Implement complex attacks with Metasploit, Burp Suite, and OWASP ZAP
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Feb 28, 2022
Length: 572 pages
Edition : 4th
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781801819770
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Goal-Based Penetration Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Open-Source Intelligence and Passive Reconnaissance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Active Reconnaissance of External and Internal Networks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Vulnerability Assessment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Social Engineering and Physical Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Wireless and Bluetooth Attacks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exploiting Web-Based Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Cloud Security Exploitation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Bypassing Security Controls Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exploitation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Action on the Objective and Lateral Movement Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Privilege Escalations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Command and Control Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Embedded Devices and RFID Hacking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.7
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1 star 3.7%
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K Shamugavelu Nov 13, 2023
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book's extensive coverage, from network reconnaissance to post-exploitation strategies, resonated with the challenges I face in my day-to-day work. I found the inclusion of real-world scenarios invaluable. It's this blend of theory and practice has directly impacted my performance in the field.While the book assumes a foundational knowledge of networking and cybersecurity, you will run into issues whilst setting up the infrastructure, it will increase your ability to understand the basics clearly. This book is a mentor in the world of ethical hacking, which transforms knowledge into actionable expertise.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Manjunath Velu Mar 02, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book for my pent testing collection! Absolutely recommended for those who know how to set up and a good computer in hand.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Michael Mar 06, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
As someone that has just recently done the Offensive Security OSCP course, I have been relying on many different resources, primarily as each does not quite consolidate the information required to gain knowledge in this area.This book is well written and captures many areas that now are consolidated into one title.It will satisfy the beginner, to the more knowledgeable, and I am sure even experts would learn one or two things from this book. Certainly its up to date and covers new areas that many other resources do not, many of which start to seem a little dated.Whether learning from zero point or you need a fresher or reference manual, this is a decent worthwhile book to have in your weaponry.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Adrian Santangelo May 06, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I've been a security professional since the late 90's and read my fair share of books. I found "Mastering Kali Linux for Advanced Penetration Testing" to be easy to follow, choked FULL of useful info, and a flow you could follow. It's rare to find a technical book that can talk about so much, yet hold interest. And the linked files are well done and match up correctly.If I had to give it any criticism, it would only be that for an "advanced book" it dabbles in some beginner terms and areas that one may be already expected to know. But in some cases, that is also a feature, not a bug! For beginners, it gives enough background for them to follow along. Many areas are captured, resources are current, and the in-deppt concepts are well organized and explained.Highly recommend grabbing your own copy, again, regardless of skill level.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Katherine Linville-Meece May 28, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
First off, I would like to say, Vijay Kumar is a brilliant author. In this book he talks about advance pentesting approaches, different hacking techniques and much more. For someone who has been in the IT/Cyber industry for the past 10 years I can say this book is very well written and easy to understand even for a beginner to read. If you are wanting to become a Cybersecurity ethical hacking expert I would highly recommend this book!! - CyberTechDave
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