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Clojure Web Development Essentials
Clojure Web Development Essentials

Clojure Web Development Essentials: Develop your own web application with the effective use of the Clojure programming language

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Clojure Web Development Essentials

Chapter 2. Ring and the Ring Server

In the last chapter, we generated a new web application using the Luminus template. However, before we get too deep into the development of our app and playing with all the toys, it's important for us to get a high-level understanding of two technologies that will support everything we build and do, and that's Ring and the Ring Server.

Understanding Ring in Clojure

 

"Ring is a Clojure web applications library inspired by Python's WSGI and Ruby's Rack. By abstracting the details of HTTP into a simple, unified API, Ring allows web applications to be constructed of modular components that can be shared among a variety of applications, web servers, and web frameworks."

 
 --- James Reeves

James Reeves is also known as Weavejester; he is the creator and maintainer of Ring and about a billion other Clojure-based technologies (https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/blob/master/README.md).

In simple terms, Ring handles all the nitty gritty HTTP implementation details, such as HTTP request/response, parameters, cookies, and so on. It abstracts the underlying implementations away from our code, allowing us to focus on writing our application instead of low-level HTTP crud. This abstraction, coupled with the fact that Ring is built on top of the HTTP Servlet specification, enables us to package our...

What is the Ring Server?

The first thing to know is that Ring and the Ring Server are not, I repeat, are not the same thing. Whereas Ring provides a suite of libraries which abstract the underlying implementation details, the Ring Server library provides the ability to start an actual web server to serve a Ring handler.

What is the Ring Server?

Whenever we use lein ring server from the command line, we start the Ring Server (there are other ways, but we'll get to those later in this chapter, and in Chapter 11, Environment Configuration and Deployment). At startup, the Ring Server will execute any registered application initialization hooks, and then start an embedded Jetty server, which serves our application handler. Incoming requests are then processed by Ring, as described in the previous section, until we shut down our app. On shutdown, Ring stops the embedded Jetty server and executes any registered shutdown hooks.

We can see this in the interaction between our hipstr.handler and hipstr.repl namespaces...

Configuring and running the Ring Server

There are two ways you can run the Ring Server. The first is by loading the hipstr.repl namespace into a REPL and calling start-server. The second is from the command line (which we've seen earlier):

# lein ring server

In either case, an embedded Jetty server will be spun up to serve our application handler, and a browser will pop open. If you don't want the browser to open, you can run the server in the headless mode:

# lein ring server-headless

How we start the server determines how we configure the server. We've already seen how to configure the server when running through the REPL (by adjusting the options map that's passed as part of the call to ring.server.standalone/serve), but how do we configure the server if running from the command line?

The lein ring command is made available through the lein-ring plugin. Luminus includes this plugin when generating the project for us. In our project dependencies file (project.clj), you...

Summary

Congratulations on successfully making it through the driest chapter in the book! A cruel but necessary exercise. In this chapter, you learned the difference between Ring and the Ring Server. We got a taste of how to modify route behavior by creating a new route handler, and played around with a bit of middleware. Finally, you learned how to start and stop the Ring Server from both the REPL and the command line, and how to configure each, respectively. In the next chapter, we're going to take a look at a developer's best and only set of binoculars—logging.

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Description

This book is for anyone who's worked with Clojure and wants to use it to start developing applications for the Web. Experience or familiarity with basic Clojure syntax is a must, and exposure to Leiningen (or other similar build tools such as Maven) would be helpful.

What you will learn

  • Generate a fully runnable web application using the Luminus Leiningen application template
  • Explore the basics of the underlying Ring framework and the Ring Server
  • Configure URL Routing, Logging, and some testing basics
  • Create new web pages using the Selmer template rendering library
  • Validate usersubmitted form data
  • Store and retrieve data to and from a database
  • Configure, package, and deploy the finished application
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Publication date : Feb 24, 2015
Length: 232 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784392222
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Getting Started with Luminus Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Ring and the Ring Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Logging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. URL Routing and Template Rendering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Handling Form Input Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Testing in Clojure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Getting Started with the Database Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Reading Data from the Database Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Database Transactions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Sessions and Cookies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Environment Configuration and Deployment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Using Korma – a Clojure DSL for SQL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Mark Nutter Mar 21, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
A few weeks ago, I got an email from Gavin Cardoza at Packt Publishing offering me a free e-book in exchange for writing a review of Packt's recently-published Clojure Web Development Essentials, by Ryan Baldwin. I think I'll turn down the offer of a free e-book, but I'm happy to write a review because I think Baldwin has done an excellent job on the book. (Disclaimer: I did get a review copy of the book at no charge).Rather than trying to survey all the tools and libraries available to the Clojure web developer, the author has made the very sensible decision to zero in on Luminus, a mature and well-crafted base project that provides you with the fully-functioning core of a web application, without locking you into a rigid framework. Starting from the Luminus defaults, Baldwin then walks you step by step through the process of configuring the server, configuring the logs (including the tricky bits!), handling forms, persisting data to a SQL database, handling logins, security, and sessions, and finally deploying to production. At each step, you have a fully operational (though incomplete) web application to play with, so the feedback is immediate and satisfying.In keeping with the Essentials theme, the author sticks to the basics, and resists the temptation to drag in all the interesting related topics that so often muddy and confuse introductory tutorials. Anywhere Luminus offers the developer a wide range of choices, Baldwin picks a good one and runs with it, without falling down the rabbit hole of trying to consider the strengths and weaknesses of each option. This makes the book much easier to follow, retain, and apply, and keeps it from getting boring. Those other choices are out there, and you can learn them later if you're interested, but when you do, you'll already have the basic essentials down, and will be much better equipped to relate new information to what you already know.As a web developer who uses exclusively MySQL (and/or MariaDB) in my day job, I was interested to see that Baldwin chose to focus on PostgreSQL as the database for this book. That's a good choice for anyone interested in deploying to Heroku or a similar platform, where Postgres services are easier to find than MySQL services, but it might surprise you if you're coming to this book from other web development environments like me. If you haven't played with Postgres before, this book might whet your appetite for more.If I had to criticize this book for anything, it would be regarding two points. First of all, this book is written from the point of view of a developer working either in OS X or Linux, not Windows. That's understandable, since Clojure development involves a certain amount of command-line work, and Windows brings in a bit more complexity when it comes to getting everything up and running. The omission does make it easier for the book to stay focused on the Essentials of Clojure web development, but might prove frustrating to Windows-based developers trying to get their feet wet in Clojure for the first time.My other complaint is that the book does not spend a lot of time on the topic of web security. This, again, is probably a tactical decision in the interests of keeping to the Essentials, but being the naturally paranoid person that I am, I wish the book had devoted more discussion to the topic. It does at least walk through the process of using bcrypt to secure passwords, instead of making the mistake of storing them in a decryptable form, so that's a big point in its favor. But an appendix, or at least a link or two, would not have been amiss.Other than those two complaints, I was very impressed by this book. The writing style is lively and interesting, yet clear and to the point. The examples are easy to follow and do a good job of conveying the technology they are trying to explain. And I love his decision to implement his database interactions using YeSQL rather than a more complicated ORM or ORM-ish system. As someone who has to wrestle with ORM syntax every day (in PHP, no less), the simplicity of straight SQL-as-a-function is something I drool over.I've got a number of Packt books and I keep going back because they're generally high quality and their e-book format is just right for the Kindle app on my iPad, but I have to say that Clojure Web Development Essentials looks like one of their best so far. Kudos to Ryan Baldwin on a great job, and I hope he decides to do a follow-up book on securing Clojure web applications. (Hint, hint.)
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Tony J Arkles Apr 02, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It'll knock your socks off! It'll blow your hair back! It'll make sure there's a fresh cup of coffee when you wake up!One of the most challenging parts last time I tried to pick up Clojure for a web project was trying to figure out which libraries to use and how to tie them all together. This book is the perfect guide to answering those questions. Ryan's chosen a bunch of solid libraries and shows you step-by-step how to bring them together into a solid package. There's a lot of opinions about which libraries are the best for which situations, and this is no different; the thing is, the opinions in this book about which libraries to use jive really well with my opinions on software development.Great book, and I'm looking forward to building a real project with Clojure. I finally feel confident enough that I can spend my time building my application instead of messing around with different libraries and frameworks, trying to figure out which ones will best suit my needs.[also, the writing style is great. Straightforward and right to the point, while mixing in a bit of humour here and there]
Amazon Verified review Amazon
odoe Apr 17, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm no Clojure expert, but it's one of those languages I have been using as a hobby for a while.First off, this book is not a Clojure fundamentals book. I think there are better titles out there if you want an intro to Clojure basics and fundamentals. If you've got some Clojure exposure, this book does a really good job at providing practical applications of Clojure for web development.The book starts by introducing Luminus (notice the spelling, I didn't, it took me a while to realize I had been spelling it wrong). What I really liked was that it went into further details on Ring, which is really cool. It even covers testing which is usually just glossed over in some other books. All the basics of a web app are in here, including routing and handlers with a good appendix that covers Korma for doing SQL that I found really useful. I think this book does a really good job at covering web development with Clojure.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Ivan Borisov Apr 09, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The first good thing is that the book assumes some Clojure acquaintance and there is no "one more Clojure 101 intro" chapter (we already have other great books and online tutorials on this topic). Also it's good to know some Servlets Servlet containers basics to understand the browser-Ring-Servlet_container chain and to feel the beauty of the Ring.I like the "guide" style of the book. Sometimes it may be repetitive but overall it keeps a balance between "guide" and "exploration".The book is well structured and has a lot of code examples and references to documentation (or directly to the source code).Some details may be not up to date due to recent Luminus upgrade: there is no more lib-noir, Bouncer for validation, minor code changes of generated application, etc. Yes, the author warns about it but, hey, I want the latest and the greatest :). Nonetheless, you can easily adopt to other libraries.It's worth mentioning that even such a small book mention addresses the "production-level" topics such as logging, testing, DB migrations, working in several environments (dev/prod).In short: awesome book to start Clojure web development from the ground up.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Cliente Kindle Mar 18, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
The examples are detailed and I found only 2 typos in the book ( in the examples the code was correct)In line with the title, the author explains the nuts and bolts of Clojure Web Development but gives the links of the various libraries for the ones who want to examine in depth all the functions/parameters that each library has.The first chapter starts by describing the chosen Clojure web framework: Luminus. It's quite an interesting framework that encompasses some libraries, among which Ring.In the second chapter you can find a description of Ring and Ring server. The author makes you understand the basic blocks of Ring and how the Ring server works together with the components generated by luminus.With the third chapter you can have an overall vision of Timbre logging system and the ways in which you can change Timbre configurationThe fourth chapter deals with URL Routing and template rendering in particular with Compojure and Selmer. You can test the way Compojure works with routes and you can build a templateIn the Fifth chapter the author explains Form validation with the use of Validateur and noir.validation dealing with the most common rules of input validationThe author chooses to use clojure.test as the namespace for testing in the Sixth chapter. After a short introduction about TDD he explains that in Clojure he makes use of REPL , so it's possible to shorten the process of testing new functions. And with an editor such as Light Table with its InstaREPL things go even better. But if you develop in team there's always the need of use a more structured way of test.In the seventh , eighth & ninth Chapters the book presents the ways in which you can interact with databases. The examples are based on Postgresql.Migratus is the plugin that's used to manage the database migrations and YeSQL a tiny library that generates functions out of your own SQL since Ryan Baldwinclaims to be not convinced of the use of ORM. The examples guide you to write the code for routes, templates and to implement transactions with YeSQL and with jdbcIn the chapter titled "Sessions and cookies" the book deals also with the creation of a login form and with access restriction.The last chapter speaks about the deployment of an application and the configuration of the environmentIn the appendix you can find a crash course about Korma that's a clojure DSL for Sql.I found this book very interesting. It's for people who want to start developing Web apps in Clojure. You must have a prior knowledge of Clojure syntax and if you have already worked with Clojure you'll be at ease.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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