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Beginning Server-Side Application Development with Angular
Beginning Server-Side Application Development with Angular

Beginning Server-Side Application Development with Angular: Discover how to rapidly prototype SEO-friendly web applications with Angular Universal

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Beginning Server-Side Application Development with Angular

Chapter 2. Creating the Application Module and Components

In this lesson, we will start by creating a PostsModule that contains all the code related to displaying the posts that come from our API.

Inside this module, we will add various components, a service, and two resolvers.

The components are used to display the data in the browser. We will go over their use in this lesson. The service is used to retrieve the data from the API. Lastly, we will add resolvers to our app; resolvers make sure the data from the service is available at the moment we navigate from one route to another.

Lesson Objectives


  • Explore the types of components that will be used in our app

  • Create and load the PostsModule

  • Create the container components, such as PostsComponent and ProfileComponent

  • Add dummy posts and profiles

  • Create a service to retrieve data

  • Create the presentational components, such as PostListComponent, PostItemComponent, and ProfileItemComponent

  • Create and import resolvers

Types of Components


In this section, we will take a look at how we can differentiate our components by making a distinction between container and presentational components. Sometimes, they are also called smart and dumb components, referring to how much knowledge of the world outside of the components each of them has.

The main difference we can make is the following:

  • A presentational component is responsible for how things look

  • A container component is responsible for how things work

We will dive into more details of why this distinction is important when we create them, but we can give away a few things already.

Presentational Components

We can say the following about presentational components:

  • They get their data passed in using the @Input() decorator

  • Any operations are passed up using the @Output() decorator

  • They handle the markup and the styling of the application

  • They mostly just contain other presentational components

  • They have no knowledge (or dependencies) on any routes or services from...

Generate and Lazy Load the PostsModule


We will generate the PostsModule using the ng command and lazy load the PostsModule in the AppRoutingModule.

Using the ng generate command, we can generate or scaffold out all sorts of code that can be used in our Angular application.

We will use the ng generate module command to generate our PostsModule.

This command has one required parameter, which is the name. In our application, we will call this module posts. A second optional parameter is passed in in order to create a separate file to hold the routes for this module, the PostsRoutingModule:

  1. Open your terminal and navigate to the project directory.

  2. Run the following command from inside the project directory:

    ng g m posts --routing

As you can see from the output of the command, our PostsModule is generated in the new folder src/app/posts:

In contrast to how we load our UiModule by importing it into our AppModule, we will lazy load our PostsModule using our AppRoutingModule.

This is an optimization of how...

Creating the Container Components


In this section, we will use ng generate to create the PostsComponent and ProfileComponent inside the PostsModule, add routes to both components, and add dummy data that we can use to build our presentational components.

Creating PostsComponent and ProfileComponent

We will be using the ng generate command to create our PostsComponent. This is the component that will eventually list an overview for all our posts.

The application route to this component will be /posts:

  1. Open your terminal and navigate to the project directory.

  2. Run the following command from inside the project directory:

    ng g c posts/containers/posts
  3. Open the src/app/posts/posts-routing.module.ts file.

  4. Import the PostsComponent:

    import { PostsComponent } from './containers/posts/posts.component'
  5. Add the following route to the routes array:

    { path: '', component: PostsComponent },

Now when we refresh the page in our app, we should see the text posts works! between our header and footer:

Very similar to how...

Creating a Service to Retrieve Data


In this section, we will use ng generate to create the PostsService, use environment to store the API URL, and use the PostsService in our components. We will then define our API calls in the PostsService and leverage the HttpClientModule to enable HTTP access.

Generating the Service

We will use the ng generate service command to generate a service that will handle the interaction with our API:

  1. Open your terminal and navigate to the project directory.

  2. Run the following command from inside the project directory:

    ng g s posts/services/posts --module posts/posts

Storing Our API URL

We will use the environment of Angular CLI to store our API URL. Using the environment, we can define a different URL for development and production environments.

By default, the application generated with Angular CLI comes with two predefined environments. These environments are defined in .angular-cli.json in the project root.

  1. Open the src/environments/environment.ts file.

  2. Inside the environment...

Creating the Presentational Components


In this section, we will use ng generate component to create the PostListComponent and PostItemComponent inside the PostsModule. We will then add a UI to these components and use these components in our container components.

The PostListComponent is responsible for taking in an array of posts using its Input, and it loops over each of these posts and invokes the PostItemComponent.

The PostItemComponent accepts a single post as its Input and displays that post.

Creating the PostListComponent

We will be using the ng generate command to create our PostListComponent. This is the component that will loop over our posts and will be called from our PostsComponent:

  1. Open the src/app/posts/container/posts/posts.component.ts file.

  2. Update the template to the following:

    <app-post-list [posts]="posts"></app-post-list>
  3. Open your terminal and navigate to the project directory.

  4. Run the following command from inside the project directory:

    ng g c posts/components/post...

Creating Resolvers to Retrieve Data Using the Router


In this section, we will manually create two Injectable classes that act as resolvers and then configure our router to use these resolvers. We will then update our container components to use this resolved data.

A resolver is a class that we can use to fetch the data that we use in our component before the component is displayed. We call the resolvers in the routes where we need the data. In our implementation, the resolvers retrieve the data from the API and return it so it can be displayed in the components.

Note

More information about resolvers can be found at: https://angular.io/guide/router#resolve-pre-fetching-component-data.

Our application is quite neatly structured already, but there is one thing that we can optimize.

In order to see what our problem is, open Chrome Developer Tools and then the Performance tab:

Hit the cog icon and set Network to Slow 3G:

If we now click around in our application, we will see that that our page navigation...

Summary


In this lesson, we learned the different types of components and how to create them. We then learned how to create resolvers to retrieve data using the router.

In the next lesson, we will look at implementing server-side rendering in our app.

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Key benefits

  • Rapidly build an application that's optimized for search performance
  • Develop service workers to make your application truly progressive
  • Automatically update metadata and load in content from external APIs

Description

Equip yourself with the skills required to create modern, progressive web applications that load quickly and efficiently. This fast-paced guide to server-side Angular leads you through an example application that uses Angular Universal to render application pages on the server, rather than the client. You'll learn how to serve your users views that load instantly, while reaping all the SEO benefits of improved page indexing. With differences of just 200 milliseconds in performance having a measurable impact on your users, it's more important than ever to get server-side right.

Who is this book for?

This book is ideal for experienced front-end developers who are looking to quickly work through an intelligent example that demonstrates all the key features of server-side development with Angular. You'll need some prior exposure to Angular, as we skim over the basics and get straight to work.

What you will learn

  • Use the official tools provided by Angular to build an SEO-friendly application
  • Create a dynamic web application that maps to current Angular best practices
  • Manage your Angular applications with Angular CLI
  • Implement server-side rendering for your future web application projects
  • Configure service workers to automatically update your application in the background
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Table of Contents

4 Chapters
Creating the Base Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Creating the Application Module and Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Server-Side Rendering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Service Workers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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