Modules are the basic building blocks for constructing Node.js applications. A Node.js module encapsulates functions, hiding details inside a well-protected container, and exposing an explicitly declared API.
When Node.js was created, the ES6 module system, of course, did not yet exist. Ryan Dahl, therefore, based on the Node.js module system on the CommonJS standard. The examples we've seen so far are modules written to that format. With ES2015/ES2016, a new module format was created for use with all JavaScript implementations. This new module format is used by both front-end engineers in their in-browser JavaScript code and by Node.js engineers, and for any other JavaScript implementation.
Because ES6 modules are now the standard module format, the Node.js Technical Steering Committee (TSC) committed to first-class support for ES6 modules alongside the CommonJS format. Starting with Node.js 14.x, the Node.js TSC delivered on that promise.
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