The Linux filesystem
The Linux filesystem consists of a logical collection of files that are stored on a partition or a disk. Your hard drive can have one or many partitions. Those partitions usually contain only one filesystem, and it can extend to an entire disk. One filesystem could be the / (root)
filesystem and another the /home
filesystem. Or, there can be just one that contains all filesystems.
Generally, using one filesystem per partition is considered to be good practice by allowing for logical maintenance and management. As everything in Linux is a file, physical devices such as hard drives, DVD drives, USB devices, and floppy drives are treated as files too.
Directory structure
Linux uses a hierarchical filesystem structure. It is similar to an upside-down tree, with the root (`/`
) at the base of the filesystem. From that point, all the branches (directories) spread throughout the filesystem.
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the structure of Unix...