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Hands-On Object-Oriented Programming with Kotlin
Hands-On Object-Oriented Programming with Kotlin

Hands-On Object-Oriented Programming with Kotlin: Build robust software with reusable code using OOP principles and design patterns in Kotlin

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Hands-On Object-Oriented Programming with Kotlin

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming is one of the most famous and practical software-development techniques. Traditional procedural programming is tedious and prone to error, especially when it comes to the development of large and complex applications. In this chapter, we will provide a quick introduction to object-oriented programming and its benefits. We will also try to understand why the object-oriented approach is easy to grasp and how it is similar to human nature. We will learn about classes, objects, and constructor declarations. By the end of this chapter, we will be familiar with properties, behaviors, function overloading, the concept of data classes, and how data classes can help to improve application development.

The following topics will be covered in this chapter:

  • Object-oriented programming
  • Syntax of class declaration
  • The...

Technical requirements

Object-oriented programming?

In our day-to-day life, we deal with a number of different objects. Some of these objects talk to us, some move on the road, and some fly in the sky. We naturally observe everything about the characteristics and behaviors of these objects. As an example, let's think about an object with the following properties: it has a couple of doors, four wheels, one steering wheel, brakes, gears, and an engine, it moves on the road, stops when the brakes are applied, and turns left or right when the steering wheel moves. Based on these attributes and behaviors, we can carry out a classification of this object – it belongs to a class called Car. In programming, the technique to design and build an application by focusing on objects that interact with each other is known as object-oriented programming. In the object-oriented paradigm, class and object...

Benefits of object-oriented programming

Old programming languages, such as Assembly or FORTRAN, are not object-oriented languages. Instead, these are procedural programming languages, languages in which a program is written in one long procedure. The data and the logic are coupled together in one place and a program contains a list of routines or subroutines to instruct the computer step by step. This approach is also known as a top-down approach, because instructions are executed one after the other. Procedural programming comes with a number of drawbacks:

  • There is no information-hiding mechanism; data is exposed to the whole system
  • Data and functions are stored in separate memory locations
  • It is difficult to map real-world objects
  • The code cannot be reused; each module or instruction set requires its own tightly coupled routine
  • The code cannot be extended; it is difficult to...

Classes in Kotlin

In Kotlin, a class can be defined with the class keyword. Let's take a look at how to declare a class and how to add attributes to it. In Kotlin, a class can be declared as follows:

class Person 

Compared to other programming languages, creating a class in Kotlin is very easy. All we need to do is open our IDE and create a person class with three attributes—name, age, and height. The name is a variable of the String type, age is a variable of the Integer type, and height is a variable of the Double type:

class Person {
var name: String
var age : Int
var height : Double
}

We have now declared a Person class with three attributes enclosed in brackets. After writing this code, we will notice that compiler has immediately thrown a Property not initialized error, because we haven't decided that how these properties will be initialized. Let...

Properties – first-class citizens

Each class contains different attributes. The Person class, for example, contains the name, age, and height attributes. When a Person class is declared in Java or another programming language, these attributes are called fields of the class. When these fields are accessed by their corresponding getter and setter methods, they are called properties. To understand this concept in detail, create a Person class in Java, as follows:

public class Person {

String name;
int age;
double height;

Person(String n, int a, double h){
name = n;
age = a;
height = h;
}

public double getHeight() {
return height;
}

public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public...

Constructing a class with a constructor

When an object is created, all class members have to have an initial value. We can either initialize a property directly or the initial values can be provided by a constructor. A constructor is a special type of function that is used to initialize the properties of the class.

A constructor is invoked when the object is created, or, more specifically, when the space is allocated in the memory. This special function has two important characteristics:

  • Constructors can be declared with the constructor keyword
  • Constructors don't contain any return types, not even Units

In this section, we will learn about all of the different kinds of constructors that are provided by Kotlin. Let's start with the default constructor.

Default constructor...

What are data classes?

During the application's development, classes are used quite often as a data-holder, not to carry out complex tasks. These classes only contain properties for reading and writing purposes. The person class is a simple example of a class used as a data-holder. If the sole responsibility of the class is to handle data, programmers may want the class to be able to carry out additional functionalities:

  • The data should be in a well-presented format
  • We should be able to compare object properties
  • We should be able to clone existing objects

All these functionalities can be written by the programmer. Alternatively, an advanced IDE could generate this code automatically. Either way, the project would be filled with boilerplate code. Just as it automatically generates getters and setters, Kotlin assumes the responsibility for generating all of these functions...

Classes and functions

In this section, we will have a quick look at how behaviors and functions can be implemented. We will continue with our Person class, which has three behaviors—speak, eat, and walk.

As we know, class behaviors are represented by functions. We can declare a function within the class body:

  1. Create a class with a primary constructor and add the speak() function by using fun keyword. When a function is declared in the class body, it becomes class behavior:
class Person (val name: String, var age : Int , var height : Double) {
fun speak() {
println("My name is $name , i am $age years old and I am $height feet tall")
}
}

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val abid = Person("Abid", 40, 6.0)
abid.speak()
}
  1. Create an object of the Person class and call the speak function using the . operator. Execute this program and...

Summary

In this chapter, we learned about object-oriented programming and why it is better than procedural programming. We started the chapter by exploring classes and learning how to declare them. We also discussed the properties and behavior of classes, and why properties are known as first-class citizens. Then, we had a detailed discussion about data classes, constructors, and how parameterized constructors help us to write clean code. In the last section of this chapter, we covered functions and function overloading. In the next chapter, we will look at some more advanced topics and their implementations.

Questions

  1. What is the difference between a class and an object?
  2. What is an attribute and the behavior of the class?
  3. What is a constructor and how many types of constructors are available?
  4. What is function overloading?
  5. What are data classes and why are they beneficial?

Further reading

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Key benefits

  • A practical guide to understand objects and classes in Kotlin
  • Learn to write asynchronous, non-blocking codes with Kotlin coroutines
  • Explore Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction in Kotlin

Description

Kotlin is an object-oriented programming language. The book is based on the latest version of Kotlin. The book provides you with a thorough understanding of programming concepts, object-oriented programming techniques, and design patterns. It includes numerous examples, explanation of concepts and keynotes. Where possible, examples and programming exercises are included. The main purpose of the book is to provide a comprehensive coverage of Kotlin features such as classes, data classes, and inheritance. It also provides a good understanding of design pattern and how Kotlin syntax works with object-oriented techniques. You will also gain familiarity with syntax in this book by writing labeled for loop and when as an expression. An introduction to the advanced concepts such as sealed classes and package level functions and coroutines is provided and we will also learn how these concepts can make the software development easy. Supported libraries for serialization, regular expression and testing are also covered in this book. By the end of the book, you would have learnt building robust and maintainable software with object oriented design patterns in Kotlin.

Who is this book for?

This book is for programmers and developers who wish to learn Object-oriented programming principles and apply them to build robust and scalable applications. Basic knowledge in Kotlin programming is assumed

What you will learn

  • Get an overview of the Kotlin programming language
  • Discover Object-oriented programming techniques in Kotlin
  • Understand Object-oriented design patterns
  • Uncover multithreading by Kotlin way
  • Understand about arrays and collections
  • Understand the importance of object-oriented design patterns
  • Understand about exception handling and testing in OOP with Kotlin
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Oct 31, 2018
Length: 370 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781789617726
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Product Details

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Length: 370 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781789617726
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
Getting Started with Kotlin Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Four Pillars of Object-Oriented Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Classes - Advanced Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Data Collection, Iterators, and Filters Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Object-Oriented Patterns in Kotlin Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Coroutines - a Lightweight Thread? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interoperability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Regular Expression and Serialization in Kotlin Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exception Handling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing in Object-Oriented Programming with Kotlin Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assessments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.5
(2 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 0%
3 star 50%
2 star 50%
1 star 0%
AntoineLyon Apr 18, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Même si la structure est intéressante, ce livre a un énorme défaut, il est plein de fautes de frappe ou d'erreurs de code. Quand on traite de code informatique, ce sont des erreurs inacceptables; on a l'impression que ce n'est pas un informaticien qui a relu. Ces erreurs changent parfois le sens du code, des inversions de paramètres, des méthodes inexistantes, et j'en passe. Si on a un background de développeur, on arrive à corriger par soi même, mais je ne recommande pas ce livre comme méthode d'apprentissage au langage Kotlin.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
BA Jul 17, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
I had previous experience with Kotlin and wanted to get a more in depth view of the landguage. However the book doesn't go very deep at all, it goes over many subjects quite briefly.If you're an absolute Kotlin beginner then it's good I guess, if not you might learn something, but don't expect a good return for the invested time.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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