Non-recoverable errors

When code that's in the execution phase encounters a bug, or one of its variants is violated, it has the potential to corrupt the program state in unexpected ways if it's ignored. These situations are deemed non-recoverable because of their inconsistent program state, which may lead to faulty outputs or unexpected behavior later. This means that a fail-stop approach is the best way to recover from them so as to not harm other parts or systems indirectly. For these kinds of cases, Rust provides us with a mechanism called panic, which aborts the thread on which it is invoked and does not affect any other threads. If the main thread is the one facing the panic, then the program aborts with a non-zero exit code of 101. If it's a child thread, the panic does not propagate to the parent thread and halts at the thread boundary. A panic in one thread does not affect the other threads and is isolated, except in cases where they corrupt a mutex lock on some shared data; it is...