Hypothesis tests

Hypothesis tests are one of the most widely used tests in statistics. They come in many forms; however, all of them have the same basic purpose.

A hypothesis test is a statistical test that is used to ascertain whether we are allowed to assume that a certain condition is true for the entire population, given a data sample. Basically, a hypothesis test is a test for a certain hypothesis that we have about an entire population. The result of the test then tells us whether we should believe the hypothesis or reject it for an alternative one.

You can think of the hypothesis test's framework to determine whether the observed sample data deviates from what was to be expected from the population itself. Now, this sounds like a difficult task but, luckily, Python comes to the rescue and includes built-in libraries to conduct these tests easily.

A hypothesis test generally looks at two opposing hypotheses about a population. We call them the null hypothesis and the alternative...