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Nagios Core Administration Cookbook Second Edition
Nagios Core Administration Cookbook Second Edition

Nagios Core Administration Cookbook Second Edition: Over 90 hands-on recipes that will employ Nagios Core as the anchor of monitoring on your network , Second Edition

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Nagios Core Administration Cookbook Second Edition

Chapter 2. Working with Commands and Plugins

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

  • Finding a plugin
  • Installing a plugin
  • Removing a plugin
  • Creating a new command
  • Customizing an existing command
  • Using an alternative check command for a host
  • Writing a new plugin from scratch
  • Implementing threshold checks in a plugin
  • Using macros as environment variables in a plugin

Introduction

Nagios Core is perhaps best thought of less as a monitoring tool and more as a monitoring framework. Its modular design allows any kind of program that returns appropriate values based on some kind of check as a check_command for a host or service, for use to ensure that a host or service is still responsive and functioning correctly. This is where the concepts of commands and plugins come into play.

For Nagios Core, a plugin is any program that can be used to gather information about a host or service. To ensure that a host is responding to PING requests, we'd use a plugin such as check_ping, which when run against a hostname or address—whether by Nagios Core or not—returns a status code to whatever called it, based on whether a response was received to the PING request within a certain period of time. This status code and any accompanying message is what Nagios Core uses to establish what state a host or service is in.

Plugins are generally just like any...

Finding a plugin

In this recipe, we'll follow a procedure to find a plugin appropriate to a specific monitoring task. We'll start by checking whether an existing plugin is already available to do just what we need. If we can't find one, we'll check whether we can use another more generic plugin to solve the problem. If we still find that nothing suits, we'll visit Nagios Exchange and search for an appropriate plugin.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services that are configured already, and you'll need to have a particular service on one of these hosts, which you're not yet sure you need to monitor.

We'll use a simple problem as an example; we have a server named troy.example.net that runs an rsync(1) process that listens on port 873. We're already monitoring the host's network connectivity via PING, but we'd like to have Nagios Core check whether the rsync(1) server is available...

Installing a plugin

In this recipe, we'll install a custom plugin that we retrieved from Nagios Exchange on a Nagios Core server so that we can use it in a Nagios Core command and hence check a service with it.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already, and you should have found an appropriate plugin that is to be installed to solve a particular monitoring need. Your Nagios Core server should have Internet connectivity to allow you to download the plugin directly from the website.

In this example, we'll use check_rsync, which is available on the Web at https://exchange.nagios.org/directory/Plugins/Network-Protocols/Rsync/check_rsync/details.

This particular plugin is quite simple, consisting of a single Perl script with only very basic dependencies. If you want to install this script as an example, the server will also need to have a Perl interpreter installed, for example, in /usr/bin/perl.

This example...

Removing a plugin

In this recipe, we'll remove a plugin that we no longer need as part of our Nagios Core installation. Perhaps it's not working correctly, the service it monitors is no longer available, or there are security or licensing concerns with its usage.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already, and you should have a plugin that you would like to remove from the server. In this instance, we'll remove the no longer needed check_rsync plugin from our Nagios Core server.

How to do it...

We can remove a plugin from our Nagios Core instance as follows:

  1. Remove any part of the configuration that uses the plugin, including hosts or services that use it for a check_command and command definitions that refer to the program. As an example, the following definition for a command would no longer work after we removed the check_rsync plugin:
    define command {
        command_name  check_rsync
        command_line...

Creating a new command

In this recipe, we'll create a new command for a plugin that was just installed into the /usr/local/nagios/libexec directory in the Nagios Core server. This will define the way in which Nagios Core should use the plugin and thereby allow it to be used as part of a service definition.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already, and you should have a plugin installed for which you'd like to define a new command so that you can use it as part of a service definition. In this instance, we'll define a command for an installed check_rsync plugin.

How to do it...

We can define a new command in our configuration as follows:

  1. Change to the directory containing the command configuration files for Nagios Core. The default file is commands.cfg, located in /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects:
    # cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
    
  2. Edit the commands.cfg file:
    # vi commands.cfg
    
  3. At the bottom of the file,...

Customizing an existing command

In this recipe, we'll customize an existing command definition. There are a number of reasons why you might want to do this. A common one is if a check is overzealous, sending notifications for the WARNING or CRITICAL states which aren't actually terribly worrisome; or, on the other hand, if a check is too forgiving and doesn't flag hosts or services as it has problems in recognizing when it would actually be appropriate to do so.

Another reason is to account for peculiarities in your own network. For example, if you run HTTP daemons on a large number of hosts on the alternative port 8080 that you need to check, it would be convenient to have a check_http_altport command available. We can do this by copying and altering the definition for the vanilla check_http command.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already. You should also already be familiar with the relationship...

Introduction


Nagios Core is perhaps best thought of less as a monitoring tool and more as a monitoring framework. Its modular design allows any kind of program that returns appropriate values based on some kind of check as a check_command for a host or service, for use to ensure that a host or service is still responsive and functioning correctly. This is where the concepts of commands and plugins come into play.

For Nagios Core, a plugin is any program that can be used to gather information about a host or service. To ensure that a host is responding to PING requests, we'd use a plugin such as check_ping, which when run against a hostname or address—whether by Nagios Core or not—returns a status code to whatever called it, based on whether a response was received to the PING request within a certain period of time. This status code and any accompanying message is what Nagios Core uses to establish what state a host or service is in.

Plugins are generally just like any other program on a...

Finding a plugin


In this recipe, we'll follow a procedure to find a plugin appropriate to a specific monitoring task. We'll start by checking whether an existing plugin is already available to do just what we need. If we can't find one, we'll check whether we can use another more generic plugin to solve the problem. If we still find that nothing suits, we'll visit Nagios Exchange and search for an appropriate plugin.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services that are configured already, and you'll need to have a particular service on one of these hosts, which you're not yet sure you need to monitor.

We'll use a simple problem as an example; we have a server named troy.example.net that runs an rsync(1) process that listens on port 873. We're already monitoring the host's network connectivity via PING, but we'd like to have Nagios Core check whether the rsync(1) server is available and listening at all times, in case it crashes while...

Installing a plugin


In this recipe, we'll install a custom plugin that we retrieved from Nagios Exchange on a Nagios Core server so that we can use it in a Nagios Core command and hence check a service with it.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already, and you should have found an appropriate plugin that is to be installed to solve a particular monitoring need. Your Nagios Core server should have Internet connectivity to allow you to download the plugin directly from the website.

In this example, we'll use check_rsync, which is available on the Web at https://exchange.nagios.org/directory/Plugins/Network-Protocols/Rsync/check_rsync/details.

This particular plugin is quite simple, consisting of a single Perl script with only very basic dependencies. If you want to install this script as an example, the server will also need to have a Perl interpreter installed, for example, in /usr/bin/perl.

This example will also...

Removing a plugin


In this recipe, we'll remove a plugin that we no longer need as part of our Nagios Core installation. Perhaps it's not working correctly, the service it monitors is no longer available, or there are security or licensing concerns with its usage.

Getting ready

You should have a Nagios Core 4.0 or newer server running with a few hosts and services configured already, and you should have a plugin that you would like to remove from the server. In this instance, we'll remove the no longer needed check_rsync plugin from our Nagios Core server.

How to do it...

We can remove a plugin from our Nagios Core instance as follows:

  1. Remove any part of the configuration that uses the plugin, including hosts or services that use it for a check_command and command definitions that refer to the program. As an example, the following definition for a command would no longer work after we removed the check_rsync plugin:

    define command {
        command_name  check_rsync
        command_line  $USER1$/check_rsync...
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Key benefits

  • Master the advanced configuration techniques of Nagios Core to model your network better by improving hosts, services, and contacts
  • Filter and improve the notifications that Nagios Core sends in response to failed checks, which can greatly assist you when diagnosing problems
  • Pull Nagios Core's data into a database to write clever custom reports of your own devise

Description

Nagios Core is an open source monitoring framework suitable for any network that ensures both internal and customer-facing services are running correctly and manages notification and reporting behavior to diagnose and fix outages promptly. It allows very fine configuration of exactly when, where, what, and how to check network services to meet both the uptime goals of your network and systems team and the needs of your users. This book shows system and network administrators how to use Nagios Core to its fullest as a monitoring framework for checks on any kind of network services, from the smallest home network to much larger production multi-site services. You will discover that Nagios Core is capable of doing much more than pinging a host or to see whether websites respond. The recipes in this book will demonstrate how to leverage Nagios Core's advanced configuration, scripting hooks, reports, data retrieval, and extensibility to integrate it with your existing systems, and to make it the rock-solid center of your network monitoring world.

Who is this book for?

If you are a network or system administrator and are looking for instructions and examples on working with Nagios Core, then this book is for you. Some basic shell command-line experience is required, and some knowledge of scripting would be helpful when we discuss how plugins work.

What you will learn

  • Manage the configuration of Nagios Core with advanced techniques to achieve fine detail in your checks
  • Find, install, and even write your own check plugins
  • Filter notifications to send them to the right people or programs at the right time
  • Work around difficult network accessibility issues and delegate checks to other machines
  • Tweak a Nagios Core server to achieve both high performance and redundancy in case of disaster
  • Process the results of checks performed by other machines to monitor backups and similar processes
  • Extend Nagios Core to allow advanced scripting, reporting, and network visualization behavior
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Publication date : Feb 29, 2016
Length: 386 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785889332
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Table of Contents

12 Chapters
1. Understanding Hosts, Services, and Contacts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Working with Commands and Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Working with Checks and States Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Configuring Notifications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Monitoring Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Enabling Remote Execution Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Using the Web Interface Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Managing Network Layout Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Managing Configuration Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Security and Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Automating and Extending Nagios Core Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(2 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Mwema Nov 05, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book greatly helped in installing, customizing and supporting a large number of our Nagios implentations.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Miguel Rodriguez Mar 04, 2023
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Da las pautas para entender y configurar el sistema Nagios, todo en inglés.Lo que si, da por sentado que el lector sabe usar Linux, por lo que, si uno no esta acostumbrado a sus sentencias, puede que le cueste un poco al principio.El contendio de la misma es muy ordenado, por lo que es util como consulta rapida.En mi caso, debido a mi oficio, me ayuda a enteder mejor ésta herramienta.Y el envio llegó en tiempo y forma.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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