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Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 High Availability
Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 High Availability

Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 High Availability: Design a highly available Exchange 2013 messaging environment using real-world examples.

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Profile Icon Nuno Filipe M Mota Profile Icon Nuno Mota
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eBook Feb 2014 266 pages Edition
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Profile Icon Nuno Filipe M Mota Profile Icon Nuno Mota
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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4 (5 Ratings)
eBook Feb 2014 266 pages Edition
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Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 High Availability

Chapter 2. High Availability with the Client Access Server

Although the Exchange 2013 Client Access Server (CAS) role maintains the same name as in the previous versions of Exchange, it has changed significantly. The CAS role in Exchange 2010 performed proxy/redirection, authentication, and data rendering for Internet Protocols. In Exchange 2013, this role does not perform data rendering; it only performs proxy/redirection and authentication and offers support for the client Internet Protocols, e-mail transport, and part of the Unified Messaging stack (it redirects SIP traffic generated from incoming calls to the Mailbox server). As a result of this architectural change, from a protocol session perspective, the CAS role is now stateless, and because all processing for a mailbox happens on the Mailbox server, it does not matter which CAS receives each client request; that is, there is no session affinity.

Before we start exploring how to achieve high availability for the CAS role, there are...

Removing session affinity


As we saw in Chapter 1, Getting Started, Exchange 2013 does not require session affinity any longer. To understand why this is the case, let us look at how the new CAS role works from a protocol perspective:

  1. A client resolves the namespace to a CAS.

  2. The CAS authenticates the requests and queries Active Directory for the following pieces of information:

    • Mailbox version (if the mailbox is hosted on Exchange 2010 or 2013, for example; let us assume a 2013 mailbox)

    • Mailbox location information such as database and ExternalURL

  3. The CAS decides if it will redirect or proxy the request to another CAS or array (within the same AD forest).

  4. The CAS queries the instance of the Active Manager responsible for the database in order to discover in which Mailbox server the active copy is hosted.

  5. The CAS will either proxy the request to the Mailbox server currently hosting the active copy using HTTPS, IMAP, or POP, or, in the case of a telephony request, redirect it to the Mailbox server...

Connecting to Outlook


Another major change in Exchange 2013 is in the role of Microsoft's RPC-based Messaging API (MAPI). Previously, the Outlook clients used two transport options for RPC traffic: HTTP or TCP. With Exchange 2013, RPC/TCP is no longer supported as a connectivity solution; only RPC/HTTP (also known as Outlook Anywhere) is supported.

Changing the protocols used for communication between the CAS and Mailbox server roles from RPC/TCP to a protocol that is more tolerant to latency and throughput over Internet and WAN connections allows these roles to not be as tied together from a geographical or user affinity perspective as they were before. This change allows CASs in one Active Directory site to authenticate and proxy requests to a Mailbox server located in a different site.

Exchange 2010 introduced the new shared RPC Client Access namespace that Outlook clients use to connect. Exchange 2013, instead of using an FQDN for the RPC endpoint, it uses a mailbox GUID together with...

Load balancing and CAS arrays


In order to achieve a high level of availability for the CAS role, there are two requirements: deploy more than one CAS and use a load balancing solution. Both these requirements have the purpose of decreasing the downtime for users by allowing failover of connections in case of an issue with one or more CASs. This failover is often automatic, depending on the load balancing solution implemented.

Load balancing is the method by which incoming client connections are distributed over a variety of endpoints (in our case, CASs) to ensure the load across all endpoints is similar. In Exchange, from an availability perspective, its main purpose is to provide failover redundancy if one or more CASs fail, ensuring that users continue to be able to access their mailboxes, thus reducing the impact of a CAS failure.

Furthermore, both these advantages are often achieved while presenting a single hostname for clients.

In Exchange 2010, the CAS role handled and processed client...

The Autodiscover service


In the last few versions of Exchange, the Autodiscover service has been available. This service greatly simplifies deployments by automatically configuring user profile settings for clients running Outlook as well as supported mobile phones.

With earlier versions of Outlook (Outlook 2003 or earlier versions) and Exchange (Exchange 2003 SP2 or earlier versions), administrators had to manually configure user profiles to access Exchange. If the messaging environment was changed, more work was required on these profiles, or Outlook would stop functioning properly.

In order to achieve a highly available scenario, Autodiscover is a crucial component. Before detailing how it should be configured, we need to first understand how Autodiscover works.

Using Autodiscover, Outlook locates the connection point made up of the user's mailbox GUID, plus the @ sign, plus the domain of the user's primary SMTP address. The following information is also returned to the client:

  • Display name...

Summary


Achieving high availability for Client Access servers is a two-step process. First, you need to deploy multiple CASs, and second, you need to use a load balancing solution that best meets your organization's needs and requirements. This will significantly decrease, or even fully prevent, downtime and avoid single point of failures for this role.

With all the architectural changes made to Exchange 2013, Layer 4 load balancing is now a viable solution, and one that is more than adequate for most organizations. However, for some specific scenarios, Layer 7 might still be required due to its capabilities such as to analyze traffic as it passes through the load balancer.

Finally, it is crucial that certificates and Exchange services such as Autodiscover are correctly configured to take full advantage of the load balancer capabilities and Exchange availability features.

In the next chapter, we will explore high availability for the Mailbox server role, including all the changes and improvements...

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What you will learn

  • Design and configure high availability and site resilience for Exchange 2013 roles and components
  • Take advantage of the new monitoring features of Exchange 2013
  • Perform Disaster Recovery, backup, and restoration of Exchange 2013
  • Understand the importance of high availability and resilience
  • Improve high availability comprehensively through the use of the Transport service
  • Use the monitoring features of Exchange 2013 to achieve a higher level of availability
  • Comprehend the influence of the new architecture of Exchange 2013 in high availability

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Publication date : Feb 19, 2014
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Microsoft Exchange 2013 Cookbook
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Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 PowerShell Cookbook: Second Edition
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
High Availability with the Client Access Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
High Availability with the Mailbox Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Achieving Site Resilience Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Transport High Availability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
High Availability of Unified Messaging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Backup and Recovery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Exchange Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Underlying Infrastructure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4
(5 Ratings)
5 star 60%
4 star 20%
3 star 20%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Gondoportocale Aug 18, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
An extremely clear and concise exposition on a highly relevant matter in our days for all companies. A great little book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Jason C. Helmick May 25, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
There is a new book out on Exchange 2013 High Availability by Nuno Mota. I've been an Exchange implementation engineer for a long time and had several reservations about reading this book. Not because the Author wasn't qualified, in fact, Mota is a highly respected Exchange MVP. I've never met him, but he is widely published because of his expertise and support to the community.My hesitance in reading this was mainly based on experience from my own customers, which have moved to Exchange Online. Microsoft handles the disaster recovery and availability - so why do we need a book on this?Simple, not everyone is racing to Exchange Online and still have an on-premises solution. If you are one of those IT pros responsible for configuring and managing resilient features of Exchange 2013, then you can’t afford to miss this book.Overall, in my opinion, the book is very well written and goes technically deep - just what you need if your responsible for resilience. Mota's real-world experience and deep technical knowledge shine as he clearly takes you through each topic. If you already have experience with Exchange high availability, then you will appreciate the well-organized TOC and no-fluff approach in the text.The book is well illustrated with conceptual graphics and screen shots so you can see the expected results. PowerShell and the Exchange cmdlets play an important role in real life and in this book - once again showing Mota's real-world experience.Did I learn something new? Yes - a lot. Would I recommend this book? Absolutely. Any Exchange IT pro responsible for on-premises HA will learn from this book. This one stays on my bookshelf!Jason HelmickPowerShell MVP
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Ed Buford Mar 31, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I just finished the Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 High Availability book from Nuno Mota.I highly recommend it as the definitive resource for HA. But, I also recommend this book as the perfect reference for how many components of Exchange actually work. From Database Availability Groups to the inner workings of the Client Access Server. Although the book is only 266 pages long it’s packed full of great information!I highly recommend it
Amazon Verified review Amazon
peter de tender - Business Program Manager - Azure Technical Trainer at Microsoft May 22, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Hi followers, A few weeks ago, I got the nice request from Packt Publishing to review a recently published book on Exchange 2013 High Availability ([...]) Having co-authored the Exchange 2013 Cookbook ([...]) myself last year, I was more than happy to do so; also because the author Nuno Mota is a good friend out of the Exchange community. When thinking of the title and topic, my expectations were high. Being familiar with the Packt book style already, I know I could expect qualitative, concise, to the point, tested material. And in short, it fulfilled my satisfaction. The book start with diving directly in CAS high availability, followed by MBX high availability. Next chapter is talking about how to handle multiple site availability, followed by load balancing your transport mechanism. Here, I would personally changed the order of these 2 chapters here, but that’s just a detail. Other chapters talked about backup/restore, monitoring and some basics about AD and DNS as baseline for smooth Exchange operations. Again, to my opinion, these last 3 could have been left out, considering readers who are looking for in-depth information on high availability, probably already know the details around backup, monitoring and what your AD/DNS infra needs to look like. But that’s up to the reader to decide. Talking a bit more about level of content, I’m more than happy about this. Each chapter is well-written, logically structured and all technical items I can think of were present. Load balancing is starting with the basic concept, moving over to Windows NLB compared to Hardware Load Balancers, and where the differences and benefits are of each solution. In the mailbox chapter, key subject of course is Database Availability Groups. What I really liked in this module is you are jumping right into the action. No theoretical stuff around DAG, but more direct troubleshooting tips & tricks, what abour reseeding,… On the other hand, I’m missing more detailed content on Public Folders in Exchange 2013 and especially on the HA part. It’s only 2 pages covering this. A bit too limited I guess. But then we are back in action with the transport chapter, and especially how well the concept of shadow emails and shadow redundancy is explained. Perfect job done! All in all, another great book from Packt, completing the collection of Exchange 2013 titles (Powershell, Cookbook and HA). Yes, there are other books talking about the same content, even all content can be found in a single book like the famous unleashed series, but that might be overkill for a lot of Exchange admins. If you are already familiar with Exchange 2013 or previous versions, but looking to get the next push into high availability, this book is ideal to you. It’s close to 200 pages, taking just a few hours reading it from front-to-back (as I did on the way to and back from TechEd Houston 2014 just last week. Perfect reading material while on the plane…)'til next time!/Peter
Amazon Verified review Amazon
srfndoc Dec 01, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Not bad but really not a ton of content.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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