In our interconnected world, graphs are omnipresent. The World Wide Web (WWW) is just one example of a complex structure that we can consider a graph, in which web pages represent entities that are connected by incoming and outgoing links between them. In Facebook’s social graph, many millions of users form a network, connecting friends around the globe. Many other important structures that we see and can collect data for today come equipped with a natural graph structure; that is, they can, at a very basic level, be understood as a collection of vertices that are connected to each other in a certain way by what we call edges. Stated in this generality, this observation reflects how ubiquitous graphs are. What makes it valuable is that the graphs are well-studied structures and that there are many algorithms available that allow us to gain important...




















































