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Mastering C++ Programming
Mastering C++ Programming

Mastering C++ Programming: Modern C++ 17 at your fingertips

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Mastering C++ Programming

Standard Template Library

This chapter will cover the following topics:

  • STL overview
  • STL architecture
    • Containers
    • Iterators
    • Algorithms
    • Functors
  • STL containers
    • Sequence
    • Associative
    • Unordered
    • Adaptors

Let's look into the STL topics one by one in the following sections.

The Standard Template Library architecture

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) offers ready-made generic containers, algorithms that can be applied to the containers, and iterators to navigate the containers. The STL is implemented with C++ templates, and templates allow generic programming in C++.

The STL encourages a C++ developer to focus on the task at hand by freeing up the developer from writing low-level data structures and algorithms. The STL is a time-tested library that allows rapid application development.  

The STL is an interesting piece of work and architecture. Its secret formula is compile-time polymorphism. To get better performance, the STL avoids dynamic polymorphism, saying goodbye to virtual functions. Broadly, the STL has the following four components:

  • Algorithms
  • Functors
  • Iterators
  • Containers

The STL architecture stitches all the aforementioned...

Sequence containers

The STL supports quite an interesting variety of sequence containers. Sequence containers store homogeneous data types in a linear fashion, which can be accessed sequentially. The STL supports the following sequence containers:

  • Arrays
  • Vectors
  • Lists
  • forward_list 
  • deque

As the objects stored in an STL container are nothing but copies of the values, the STL expects certain basic requirements from the user-defined data types in order to hold those objects inside a container. Every object stored in an STL container must provide the following as a minimum requirement:

  • A default constructor
  • A copy constructor
  • An assignment operator

Let's explore the sequence containers one by one in the following subsections.

Array

...

Associative containers

Associative containers store data in a sorted fashion, unlike the sequence containers. Hence, the order in which the data is inserted will not be retained by the associative containers. Associative containers are highly efficient in searching a value with O( log n ) runtime complexity. Every time a new value gets added to the container, the container will reorder the values stored internally if required.

The STL supports the following types of associative containers:

  • Set
  • Map
  • Multiset 
  • Multimap
  • Unordered set
  • Unordered multiset
  • Unordered map
  • Unordered multimap

Associative containers organize the data as key-value pairs. The data will be sorted based on the key for random and faster access. Associative containers come in two flavors:

  • Ordered 
  • Unordered

The following associative containers come under ordered containers, as they are ordered/sorted...

Container adapters

Container adapters adapt existing containers to provide new containers. In simple terms, STL extension is done with composition instead of inheritance.

STL containers can't be extended by inheritance, as their constructors aren't virtual. Throughout the STL, you can observe that while static polymorphism is used both in terms of operator overloading and templates, dynamic polymorphism is consciously avoided for performance reasons. Hence, extending the STL by subclassing the existing containers isn't a good idea, as it would lead to memory leaks because container classes aren't designed to behave like base classes.

The STL supports the following container adapters:

  • Stack
  • Queue
  • Priority Queue

Let's explore the container adapters in the following subsections.

...

Summary

In this chapter you learned about ready-made generic containers, functors, iterators, and algorithms. You also learned set, map, multiset, and multimap associative containers, their internal data structures, and common algorithms that can be applied on them. Further you learned how to use the various containers with practical hands-on code samples.

In the next chapter, you will learn template programming, which helps you master the essentials of templates.

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Key benefits

  • ? ?Get ? ?acquainted ? ?with ? ?the ? ?latest ? ?features ? ?in ? ?C++ ? ?17
  • ? ?Take ? ?advantage ? ?of ? ?the ? ?myriad ? ?of ? ?features ? ?and ? ?possibilities ? ?that ? ?C++ offers ? ?to ? ?build ? real-world ? ?applications
  • ? ?Write ? ?clear ? ?and ? ?expressive ? ?code ? ?in ? ?C++, ? ?and ? ?get ? ?insights ? ?into ? ?how ? ?to keep ? ?your ? ?code ? ?error-free

Description

C++ ? ?has ? ?come ? ?a ? ?long ? ?way ? ?and ? ?has ? ?now ? ?been ? ?adopted ? ?in ? ?several ? ?contexts. Its ? ?key ? ?strengths ? ?are ? ?its ? ?software ? ?infrastructure ? ?and ? ?resource-constrained applications. ? ?The ?C++ ? ?17 ? ?release ? ?will ? ?change ? ?the ? ?way ? ?developers ? ?write code, ? ?and ? ?this ? ?book ? ?will ? ?help ?you ? ?master ? ?your ? ?developing ? ?skills ? ?with ? ?C++. With ? ?real-world, ? ?practical ? ?examples ? ?explaining ? ?each ? ?concept, ? ?the ? ?book ? ?will begin ? ?by ? ?introducing ? ?you ? ?to ? ?the ? ?latest ? ?features ? ?in ? ?C++ ? ?17. ? ?It ? ?encourages clean ? ?code ? ?practices ? ?in ? ?C++ ? ?in ? ?general, ? ?and ? ?demonstrates ? ?the ? ?GUI app-development ? ?options ? ?in ? ?C++. ? ?You’ll ? ?get ? ?tips ? ?on ? ?avoiding ? ?memory ? ?leaks using ? ?smart-pointers. ? ?Next, ? ?you’ll ? ?see ? ?how ? ?multi-threaded ?programming can ? ?help ? ?you ? ?achieve ? ?concurrency ? ?in ? ?your ? ?applications. Moving ? ?on, ? ?you’ll ? ?get ? ?an ? ?in-depth ? ?understanding ? ?of ? ?the ? ?C++ ? ?Standard Template ? ?Library. ? ?We ? ?show ? ?you ? ?the ? ?concepts ? ?of ? ?implementing ? ?TDD ? ?and BDD ? ?in ? ?your ? ?C++ ? ?programs, ? ?and ? ?explore ? ?template-based ? ?generic programming, ? ?giving ? ?you ? ?the ? ?expertise ? ?to ? ?build ? ?powerful ? ?applications. Finally, ? ?we’ll ? ?round ? ?up ? ?with ? ?debugging ? ?techniques ? ?and ? ?best ? ?practices.By ? ?the ? ?end ? ?of ? ?the ? ?book, ? ?you’ll ? ?have ? ?an ? ?in-depth ? ?understanding ? ?of ? ?the language ? ?and ? ?its ? ?various ? ?facets.

Who is this book for?

This ? ?book ? ?is ? ?for ? ?experienced ? ?C++ ? ?developers. ? ?If ? ?you ? ?are ? ?a ? ?novice ? ?C++ developer, ? then ? ?it’s ? ?highly ? ?recommended ? ?that ? ?you ? ?get ? ?a ? ?solid understanding ? ?of ? ?the ? ?C++ ? ?language ? ?before ? ?reading ? ?this ? ?book

What you will learn

  • ? ?Write ? ?modular ? ?C++ ? ?applications ? ?in ? ?terms ? ?of ? ?the ? ?existing ? ?and newly ? ?introduced ? ?features
  • ? ?Identify ? ?code-smells, ? ?clean ? ?up, ? ?and ? ?refactor ? ?legacy ? ?C++ applications
  • ? ?Leverage ? ?the ? ?possibilities ? ?provided ? ?by ? ?Cucumber ? ?and ? ?Google Test/Mock ? ?to automate ? ?test ? ?cases
  • ? ?Test ? ?frameworks ? ?with ? ?C++
  • ? ?Get ? ?acquainted ? ?with ? ?the ? ?new ? ?C++17 ? ?features
  • ? ?Develop ? ?GUI ? ?applications ? ?in ? ?C++
  • ? ?Build ? ?portable ? ?cross-platform ? ?applications ? ?using ? ?standard ? ?C++ features
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Length: 384 pages
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
C++17 Features Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Standard Template Library Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Template Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Smart Pointers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Developing GUI Applications in C++ Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Multithreaded Programming and Inter-Process Communication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Test-Driven Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Behavior-Driven Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Debugging Techniques Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Code Smells and Clean Code Practices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Amazon Customer Oct 07, 2018
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
As a fan of Jegan, baught the book.But poor content for experienced guys.Request Jegan to improve the content of topics at thorough level as this book is written for experienced developers.
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RPDevJesco Dec 13, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Honestly, this book is a must have for anyone interested in learning C++.
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