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Mastering Backbone.js
Mastering Backbone.js

Mastering Backbone.js: Design and build scalable web applications using Backbone.js

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Mastering Backbone.js

Chapter 2. Managing Views

As we have seen in the previous chapter, Backbone views are responsible for managing DOM (Document Object Model) interactions between users and applications. A typical Backbone application is composed of many views with a very specific behavior; for instance, we can have a view to show contact data and another view to edit it. As you know, rendering a single view is a trivial task, but orchestrating a complex layout with multiple views can be a pain.

It's important to develop a better strategy to deal with complex view interactions to make the project easier to maintain and fun to develop. If you don't put the necessary attention into the organization of your views you can end up with a dirty DOM and messy code, which makes it hard to introduce new features or change existing ones.

As we did in the previous chapter, we are going to separate responsibilities by identifying common view use cases and then will learn how to compose layouts by using...

Identifying view types

After working with Backbone for a while you can see common use cases for views emerge; they are so common they can be used for different unrelated projects. These views can be extracted and can be used on any project if they are built correctly. Looking at the Backbone documentation, Views do not implement a default render method, so the trick here is to define a set of views with a default render method for different use cases:

  • View with model – Render a template with model data.
  • View with collection – Render a collection of views with collection data; it should update the list of views automatically when the collection changes.
  • Region – This view acts like a container; it points to a particular DOM node and manages the content for that node. It's used to render other views.
  • Layout – A layout is composed of one or more regions; it defines an HTML structure to organize where the regions will be placed.

Figure 2.1 shows a simple wireframe...

ModelView

The simplest implementation is to render a single model; it's a very straightforward algorithm. Extract data from the model and use a template engine to make the actual render with the data; finally, attach the result in the DOM:

class MyView extends Backbone.View {
  constructor(options) {
    super(options);
    template: _.template($("#my-template").html());
  }
  
  render() {
       var data = this.model.toJSON();
    var renderedHtml = this.template(data);
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml);
    return this;
  }
}

In the following code we can identify five steps to rendering the view.

  1. Get the template:
    $("#my-template").html()
    
  2. Compile the template:
    _.template($("#my-template").html())
    
  3. Get data from the model:
    var data = this.model.toJSON()
    
  4. Render the template with model data:
    renderedHtml = this.template(data)
    
  5. Put the result on the DOM:
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml)
    

Note that we return this in the render() method; this is useful for chaining calls....

CollectionView

Backbone Collections are composed of many models, so when rendering a collection what we need is to render a list of Views:

class CollectionView extends Backbone.View {
  render() {
    // Render a view for each model in the collection
    var html = this.collection.map(model => {
      var view = new this.modelView(model);
      view.render();
      return view.$el;
    });

    // Put the rendered items in the DOM
    this.$el.html(html);
    return this;
  }
}

Note that the modelView property should be a View class; it could be our ModelView class of the previous section or any other view. See how for each model in the collection it instantiates and renders a this.modelView with the current model. As a result, an html variable will contain an array of all rendered views. Finally the html array can be attached easily to the $el element.

For an example of how to use CollectionView, see the following example:

class MyModelView extends ModelView {
  // …
)

class MyView...

Region

A common use case is to swap between views in a common DOM element; this can be done by using the same el property in both views and calling the render() method on the view you want to see. But this way doesn't clean the memory and event bindings because both views will remain live in memory, even if they are not in the DOM.

A particularly useful scenario is when you need to switch between sub-applications, because sub-applications are rendered in the same DOM element normally. For example, when a user wants to edit contact information, he/she will click on an Edit button, and the current view will be replaced with an edit form.

Region

Figure 2.2: Swapping views with regions

To switch between views, a Region class could be used as shown next:

var mainRegion = new Region({el: '#main'});
var contactViewer = new ContactViewer({model: contact});

contactViewer.on('edit:contact', function(contact) {
  var editContact = new EditContactView({ model: contact });
  mainRegion...

Layout

A Layout is used to define structure; its intention is to create a skeleton where other views will be placed. A common web application layout is composed of a header, a sidebar, footer, and a common area, for example. With layouts we can define regions, in a declarative way, where these elements will be placed. After the layout is rendered, we can show the views we want on those views.

In the following figure, we can see a layout; each of these elements is a region, so other views should be created to fill the regions—for example, a HeaderView class for the header region:

Layout

Figure 2.3: A common web application layout

An implementation of this example could be something like this:

var AppLayout = new Layout({
  template: $('#app-layout').html(),
  regions: {
    header: 'header',
    sicebar: '#sidebar',
    footer: 'footer',
    main: '#main'
  }
});

Var layout = new AppLayout({ el: 'body' });
var header = new HeaderView...

Identifying view types


After working with Backbone for a while you can see common use cases for views emerge; they are so common they can be used for different unrelated projects. These views can be extracted and can be used on any project if they are built correctly. Looking at the Backbone documentation, Views do not implement a default render method, so the trick here is to define a set of views with a default render method for different use cases:

  • View with model – Render a template with model data.

  • View with collection – Render a collection of views with collection data; it should update the list of views automatically when the collection changes.

  • Region – This view acts like a container; it points to a particular DOM node and manages the content for that node. It's used to render other views.

  • Layout – A layout is composed of one or more regions; it defines an HTML structure to organize where the regions will be placed.

Figure 2.1 shows a simple wireframe for an application; as you can...

ModelView


The simplest implementation is to render a single model; it's a very straightforward algorithm. Extract data from the model and use a template engine to make the actual render with the data; finally, attach the result in the DOM:

class MyView extends Backbone.View {
  constructor(options) {
    super(options);
    template: _.template($("#my-template").html());
  }
  
  render() {
       var data = this.model.toJSON();
    var renderedHtml = this.template(data);
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml);
    return this;
  }
}

In the following code we can identify five steps to rendering the view.

  1. Get the template:

    $("#my-template").html()
    
  2. Compile the template:

    _.template($("#my-template").html())
    
  3. Get data from the model:

    var data = this.model.toJSON()
    
  4. Render the template with model data:

    renderedHtml = this.template(data)
    
  5. Put the result on the DOM:

    this.$el.html(renderedHtml)
    

Note that we return this in the render() method; this is useful for chaining calls. These steps are common for all...

CollectionView


Backbone Collections are composed of many models, so when rendering a collection what we need is to render a list of Views:

class CollectionView extends Backbone.View {
  render() {
    // Render a view for each model in the collection
    var html = this.collection.map(model => {
      var view = new this.modelView(model);
      view.render();
      return view.$el;
    });

    // Put the rendered items in the DOM
    this.$el.html(html);
    return this;
  }
}

Note that the modelView property should be a View class; it could be our ModelView class of the previous section or any other view. See how for each model in the collection it instantiates and renders a this.modelView with the current model. As a result, an html variable will contain an array of all rendered views. Finally the html array can be attached easily to the $el element.

For an example of how to use CollectionView, see the following example:

class MyModelView extends ModelView {
  // …
)

class MyView extends...
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Key benefits

  • Level up your Backbone.js skills and create professional web applications with the best practices
  • Use the Backbone.js components in the right way and avoid maintenance nightmares
  • Improve your development workflow from application design to deployment
  • Apply the best practices given in this tutorial to solve day-to-day problems in your applications

Description

Backbone.js is a popular library to build single page applications used by many start-ups around the world because of its flexibility, robustness and simplicity. It allows you to bring your own tools and libraries to make amazing webapps with your own rules. However, due to its flexibility it is not always easy to create scalable applications with it. By learning the best practices and project organization you will be able to create maintainable and scalable web applications with Backbone.js. With this book you will start right from organizing your Backbone.js application to learn where to put each module and how to wire them. From organizing your code in a logical and physical way, you will go on to delimit view responsibilities and work with complex layouts. Synchronizing models in a two-way binding can be difficult and with sub resources attached it can be even worse. The next chapter will explain strategies for how to deal with these models. The following chapters will help you to manage module dependencies on your projects, explore strategies to upload files to a RESTful API and store information directly in the browser for using it with Backbone.js. After testing your application, you are ready to deploy it to your production environment. The final chapter will cover different flavors of authorization. The Backbone.js library can be difficult to master, but in this book you will get the necessary skill set to create applications with it, and you will be able to use any other library you want in your stack.

Who is this book for?

This book is for those developers who know the basic concepts of Backbone.js and want to build scalable applications with it. If you are looking for the best practices of using Backbone.js applied to real work applications, this book is for you. You will be able to apply architectural principles to create amazing web applications easily.

What you will learn

  • Build web applications that scale with Backbone.js
  • Design a powerful architecture that eliminates maintenance nightmares
  • Use common patterns and best practices in Backbone.js web applications developments
  • Pack your applications to be deployed to production environments
  • Clean up your code organization to a simple and maintainable architecture
  • Test your components and get confidence with your code
  • Deal with common scenarios like file uploading and login issues

Product Details

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Publication date : Jan 15, 2016
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783288502
Languages :

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Product Details

Publication date : Jan 15, 2016
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783288502
Languages :

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Architecture of a Backbone application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Managing Views Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Model Bindings Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Modular Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Dealing with Files Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Store data in the Browser Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Build Like a Pro Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Testing Backbone Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Deploying to Production Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Authentication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
(4 Ratings)
5 star 75%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 25%
1 star 0%
Judith Jul 21, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excellent book, I really recommend it 100%, very good investment!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Mudassir Jan 27, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm one of the technical reviewers of this book. And this book is not about BackboneJS, it won't explain concepts such as Backbone.View, Backbone.Collection etc. If you know those concepts already then this book is the next level, how to use those concepts to well-structure your web application so that it's easy to scale.The book, with the help of neat diagrams explains how you should split your main application into sub-applications, regions, facades so that each component follows single responsibility principle. This book is more of code-while-you-learn, so you get to build a contact application while you are learning. It also explains about file uploading strategies, dealing with local storage, authentication, something which is not explained on official BackboneJS website because BackboneJS is just a library & not a framework. But these features are a must in day-to-day web applications, so these chapters were really helpful.In the final chapters, the author explains you how you can test your application using Jasmine & more importantly why you should test your code :)In short this book is for you, if: - you are just done reading the Backbone concepts & want to get to the next level - you have already built an application but your app has become unmanageable - you are coming from AngularJS/EmberJS & don't know how do you structure your web application & want to follow the best practicesBONUS:In addition to just BackboneJS, this book also gives you a quick overview of Gulp in order to automate development tasks, teaches you how to deploy a production application on heroku using NodeJS(Don't worry if you don't know NodeJS, the author explains you about what's going on).
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Adolfo Olivera Jun 22, 2016
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Excelent book!!!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
P. Crusan Apr 20, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
The example software doesn't run properly so for me the book isn't of much value. My learning style requires example code that just works so I can walk through it with a debugger and see what is actually happening. Spending time trouble shooting a poor product isn't how I plan to spend my time.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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