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Home > Web Development > Front End Web Development > Mastering Backbone.js
Mastering Backbone.js
Mastering Backbone.js

Mastering Backbone.js: Design and build scalable web applications using Backbone.js

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Profile Icon Abiee Echamea
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Profile Icon Abiee Echamea
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Mastering Backbone.js

Chapter 2. Managing Views

As we have seen in the previous chapter, Backbone views are responsible for managing DOM (Document Object Model) interactions between users and applications. A typical Backbone application is composed of many views with a very specific behavior; for instance, we can have a view to show contact data and another view to edit it. As you know, rendering a single view is a trivial task, but orchestrating a complex layout with multiple views can be a pain.

It's important to develop a better strategy to deal with complex view interactions to make the project easier to maintain and fun to develop. If you don't put the necessary attention into the organization of your views you can end up with a dirty DOM and messy code, which makes it hard to introduce new features or change existing ones.

As we did in the previous chapter, we are going to separate responsibilities by identifying common view use cases and then will learn how to compose layouts by using...

Identifying view types

After working with Backbone for a while you can see common use cases for views emerge; they are so common they can be used for different unrelated projects. These views can be extracted and can be used on any project if they are built correctly. Looking at the Backbone documentation, Views do not implement a default render method, so the trick here is to define a set of views with a default render method for different use cases:

  • View with model – Render a template with model data.
  • View with collection – Render a collection of views with collection data; it should update the list of views automatically when the collection changes.
  • Region – This view acts like a container; it points to a particular DOM node and manages the content for that node. It's used to render other views.
  • Layout – A layout is composed of one or more regions; it defines an HTML structure to organize where the regions will be placed.

Figure 2.1 shows a simple wireframe...

ModelView

The simplest implementation is to render a single model; it's a very straightforward algorithm. Extract data from the model and use a template engine to make the actual render with the data; finally, attach the result in the DOM:

class MyView extends Backbone.View {
  constructor(options) {
    super(options);
    template: _.template($("#my-template").html());
  }
  
  render() {
       var data = this.model.toJSON();
    var renderedHtml = this.template(data);
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml);
    return this;
  }
}

In the following code we can identify five steps to rendering the view.

  1. Get the template:
    $("#my-template").html()
  2. Compile the template:
    _.template($("#my-template").html())
  3. Get data from the model:
    var data = this.model.toJSON()
  4. Render the template with model data:
    renderedHtml = this.template(data)
  5. Put the result on the DOM:
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml)

Note that we return this in the render() method; this is useful for chaining calls....

CollectionView

Backbone Collections are composed of many models, so when rendering a collection what we need is to render a list of Views:

class CollectionView extends Backbone.View {
  render() {
    // Render a view for each model in the collection
    var html = this.collection.map(model => {
      var view = new this.modelView(model);
      view.render();
      return view.$el;
    });

    // Put the rendered items in the DOM
    this.$el.html(html);
    return this;
  }
}

Note that the modelView property should be a View class; it could be our ModelView class of the previous section or any other view. See how for each model in the collection it instantiates and renders a this.modelView with the current model. As a result, an html variable will contain an array of all rendered views. Finally the html array can be attached easily to the $el element.

For an example of how to use CollectionView, see the following example:

class MyModelView extends ModelView {
  // …
)

class MyView...

Region

A common use case is to swap between views in a common DOM element; this can be done by using the same el property in both views and calling the render() method on the view you want to see. But this way doesn't clean the memory and event bindings because both views will remain live in memory, even if they are not in the DOM.

A particularly useful scenario is when you need to switch between sub-applications, because sub-applications are rendered in the same DOM element normally. For example, when a user wants to edit contact information, he/she will click on an Edit button, and the current view will be replaced with an edit form.

Region

Figure 2.2: Swapping views with regions

To switch between views, a Region class could be used as shown next:

var mainRegion = new Region({el: '#main'});
var contactViewer = new ContactViewer({model: contact});

contactViewer.on('edit:contact', function(contact) {
  var editContact = new EditContactView({ model: contact });
  mainRegion...

Layout

A Layout is used to define structure; its intention is to create a skeleton where other views will be placed. A common web application layout is composed of a header, a sidebar, footer, and a common area, for example. With layouts we can define regions, in a declarative way, where these elements will be placed. After the layout is rendered, we can show the views we want on those views.

In the following figure, we can see a layout; each of these elements is a region, so other views should be created to fill the regions—for example, a HeaderView class for the header region:

Layout

Figure 2.3: A common web application layout

An implementation of this example could be something like this:

var AppLayout = new Layout({
  template: $('#app-layout').html(),
  regions: {
    header: 'header',
    sicebar: '#sidebar',
    footer: 'footer',
    main: '#main'
  }
});

Var layout = new AppLayout({ el: 'body' });
var header = new HeaderView...

Identifying view types

After working with Backbone for a while you can see common use cases for views emerge; they are so common they can be used for different unrelated projects. These views can be extracted and can be used on any project if they are built correctly. Looking at the Backbone documentation, Views do not implement a default render method, so the trick here is to define a set of views with a default render method for different use cases:

  • View with model – Render a template with model data.

  • View with collection – Render a collection of views with collection data; it should update the list of views automatically when the collection changes.

  • Region – This view acts like a container; it points to a particular DOM node and manages the content for that node. It's used to render other views.

  • Layout – A layout is composed of one or more regions; it defines an HTML structure to organize where the regions will be placed.

Figure 2.1 shows a simple wireframe for an application; as you can...

ModelView

The simplest implementation is to render a single model; it's a very straightforward algorithm. Extract data from the model and use a template engine to make the actual render with the data; finally, attach the result in the DOM:

class MyView extends Backbone.View {
  constructor(options) {
    super(options);
    template: _.template($("#my-template").html());
  }
  
  render() {
       var data = this.model.toJSON();
    var renderedHtml = this.template(data);
    this.$el.html(renderedHtml);
    return this;
  }
}

In the following code we can identify five steps to rendering the view.

  1. Get the template:

    $("#my-template").html()

  2. Compile the template:

    _.template($("#my-template").html())

  3. Get data from the model:

    var data = this.model.toJSON()

  4. Render the template with model data:

    renderedHtml = this.template(data)

  5. Put the result on the DOM:

    this.$el.html(renderedHtml)

Note that we return this in the render() method; this is useful for chaining calls. These steps are common for all...

CollectionView

Backbone Collections are composed of many models, so when rendering a collection what we need is to render a list of Views:

class CollectionView extends Backbone.View {
  render() {
    // Render a view for each model in the collection
    var html = this.collection.map(model => {
      var view = new this.modelView(model);
      view.render();
      return view.$el;
    });

    // Put the rendered items in the DOM
    this.$el.html(html);
    return this;
  }
}

Note that the modelView property should be a View class; it could be our ModelView class of the previous section or any other view. See how for each model in the collection it instantiates and renders a this.modelView with the current model. As a result, an html variable will contain an array of all rendered views. Finally the html array can be attached easily to the $el element.

For an example of how to use CollectionView, see the following example:

class MyModelView extends ModelView {
  // …
)

class MyView extends...
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Page 1 of 9

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Key benefits

  • Level up your Backbone.js skills and create professional web applications with the best practices
  • Use the Backbone.js components in the right way and avoid maintenance nightmares
  • Improve your development workflow from application design to deployment
  • Apply the best practices given in this tutorial to solve day-to-day problems in your applications

Description

Backbone.js is a popular library to build single page applications used by many start-ups around the world because of its flexibility, robustness and simplicity. It allows you to bring your own tools and libraries to make amazing webapps with your own rules. However, due to its flexibility it is not always easy to create scalable applications with it. By learning the best practices and project organization you will be able to create maintainable and scalable web applications with Backbone.js. With this book you will start right from organizing your Backbone.js application to learn where to put each module and how to wire them. From organizing your code in a logical and physical way, you will go on to delimit view responsibilities and work with complex layouts. Synchronizing models in a two-way binding can be difficult and with sub resources attached it can be even worse. The next chapter will explain strategies for how to deal with these models. The following chapters will help you to manage module dependencies on your projects, explore strategies to upload files to a RESTful API and store information directly in the browser for using it with Backbone.js. After testing your application, you are ready to deploy it to your production environment. The final chapter will cover different flavors of authorization. The Backbone.js library can be difficult to master, but in this book you will get the necessary skill set to create applications with it, and you will be able to use any other library you want in your stack.

Who is this book for?

This book is for those developers who know the basic concepts of Backbone.js and want to build scalable applications with it. If you are looking for the best practices of using Backbone.js applied to real work applications, this book is for you. You will be able to apply architectural principles to create amazing web applications easily.

What you will learn

  • Build web applications that scale with Backbone.js
  • Design a powerful architecture that eliminates maintenance nightmares
  • Use common patterns and best practices in Backbone.js web applications developments
  • Pack your applications to be deployed to production environments
  • Clean up your code organization to a simple and maintainable architecture
  • Test your components and get confidence with your code
  • Deal with common scenarios like file uploading and login issues

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jan 15, 2016
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783288496
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
JavaScript
Concepts :
Front End Web Development
Tools :
Backbone.js

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Product Details

Publication date : Jan 15, 2016
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783288496
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
JavaScript
Concepts :
Front End Web Development
Tools :
Backbone.js

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Backbone.js Patterns and Best Practices
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Architecture of a Backbone application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Architecture of a Backbone application
Subapplications based architecture
Responsibilities of Backbone objects
Objects not provided by Backbone
Contacts application
Summary
2. Managing Views Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Managing Views
Identifying view types
ModelView
CollectionView
Region
Layout
Putting it all together
Rendering third-party plugins
Conclusions
3. Model Bindings Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Model Bindings
Manual binding
Two-way binding
Data binding with plugins
Binding embedded data
Validating model data
Summary
4. Modular Code Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Modular Code
CommonJS modules
NPM and package.json
Browserify
Application dependency
Using Browserify in the app
Modularizing templates
Summary
5. Dealing with Files Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Dealing with Files
Express server
Attaching a file into a resource
Uploading the avatar photo to contacts
Uploading images from Backbone
Uploading the avatar image at creation time
Encoding the upload file
Summary
6. Store data in the Browser Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Store data in the Browser
The localStorage
Backbone and localStorage
Store models in localStorage
Store Backbone models in localStorage
Backbone.sync
IndexedDB
IndexedDB in Backbone
Summary
7. Build Like a Pro Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Build Like a Pro
Development workflow
What's a task runner?
How Gulp works
Getting started with Gulp
Creating a development workflow
Creating a production workflow
Summary
8. Testing Backbone Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Testing Backbone Applications
Testing tools
Getting started with Jasmine
Karma test runner
What and how to test Backbone applications
Testing models and collections
Testing views
Testing controllers
Testing the subapplication Façade
Summary
9. Deploying to Production Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Deploying to Production
Heroku
Production environment
The HTTP Server
Do not run as root
Process Management
Summary
10. Authentication Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Authentication
Stateless API authentication
Implementing HTTP Basic Authentication
Implementing OAuth authentication
Summary
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index

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Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.3
(4 Ratings)
5 star 75%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 25%
1 star 0%
Judith Jul 21, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excellent book, I really recommend it 100%, very good investment!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Mudassir Jan 27, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm one of the technical reviewers of this book. And this book is not about BackboneJS, it won't explain concepts such as Backbone.View, Backbone.Collection etc. If you know those concepts already then this book is the next level, how to use those concepts to well-structure your web application so that it's easy to scale.The book, with the help of neat diagrams explains how you should split your main application into sub-applications, regions, facades so that each component follows single responsibility principle. This book is more of code-while-you-learn, so you get to build a contact application while you are learning. It also explains about file uploading strategies, dealing with local storage, authentication, something which is not explained on official BackboneJS website because BackboneJS is just a library & not a framework. But these features are a must in day-to-day web applications, so these chapters were really helpful.In the final chapters, the author explains you how you can test your application using Jasmine & more importantly why you should test your code :)In short this book is for you, if: - you are just done reading the Backbone concepts & want to get to the next level - you have already built an application but your app has become unmanageable - you are coming from AngularJS/EmberJS & don't know how do you structure your web application & want to follow the best practicesBONUS:In addition to just BackboneJS, this book also gives you a quick overview of Gulp in order to automate development tasks, teaches you how to deploy a production application on heroku using NodeJS(Don't worry if you don't know NodeJS, the author explains you about what's going on).
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Adolfo Olivera Jun 22, 2016
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Excelent book!!!
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P. Crusan Apr 20, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
The example software doesn't run properly so for me the book isn't of much value. My learning style requires example code that just works so I can walk through it with a debugger and see what is actually happening. Spending time trouble shooting a poor product isn't how I plan to spend my time.
Amazon Verified review Amazon

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About the author

Profile icon Abiee Echamea
Abiee Echamea
Abiee Echamea is a passionate technology software engineer; he fell in love with computers at the age of 8 and wrote his first program at 12. He has written applications in many technologies, from Visual Basic to full stack web applications. Now, Abiee is a software architect involved in the full development cycle, creating many Backbone applications successfully and designing the architecture and development process. He has founded a company to work with cutting-edge technology as a CTO. He has developed the skills to master the JavaScript and Backbone libraries to build maintainable projects for his company. Abiee loves to share his knowledge with the community and is looking for ways to improve his engineering skills.
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To cancel your subscription with us simply go to the account page - found in the top right of the page or at https://subscription.packtpub.com/my-account/subscription - From here you will see the ‘cancel subscription’ button in the grey box with your subscription information in.

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Credits can be earned from reading 40 section of any title within the payment cycle - a month starting from the day of subscription payment. You also earn a Credit every month if you subscribe to our annual or 18 month plans. Credits can be used to buy books DRM free, the same way that you would pay for a book. Your credits can be found in the subscription homepage - subscription.packtpub.com - clicking on ‘the my’ library dropdown and selecting ‘credits’.

What happens if an Early Access Course is cancelled? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Projects are rarely cancelled, but sometimes it's unavoidable. If an Early Access course is cancelled or excessively delayed, you can exchange your purchase for another course. For further details, please contact us here.

Where can I send feedback about an Early Access title? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

If you have any feedback about the product you're reading, or Early Access in general, then please fill out a contact form here and we'll make sure the feedback gets to the right team. 

Can I download the code files for Early Access titles? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

We try to ensure that all books in Early Access have code available to use, download, and fork on GitHub. This helps us be more agile in the development of the book, and helps keep the often changing code base of new versions and new technologies as up to date as possible. Unfortunately, however, there will be rare cases when it is not possible for us to have downloadable code samples available until publication.

When we publish the book, the code files will also be available to download from the Packt website.

How accurate is the publication date? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The publication date is as accurate as we can be at any point in the project. Unfortunately, delays can happen. Often those delays are out of our control, such as changes to the technology code base or delays in the tech release. We do our best to give you an accurate estimate of the publication date at any given time, and as more chapters are delivered, the more accurate the delivery date will become.

How will I know when new chapters are ready? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

We'll let you know every time there has been an update to a course that you've bought in Early Access. You'll get an email to let you know there has been a new chapter, or a change to a previous chapter. The new chapters are automatically added to your account, so you can also check back there any time you're ready and download or read them online.

I am a Packt subscriber, do I get Early Access? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Yes, all Early Access content is fully available through your subscription. You will need to have a paid for or active trial subscription in order to access all titles.

How is Early Access delivered? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Early Access is currently only available as a PDF or through our online reader. As we make changes or add new chapters, the files in your Packt account will be updated so you can download them again or view them online immediately.

How do I buy Early Access content? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Early Access is a way of us getting our content to you quicker, but the method of buying the Early Access course is still the same. Just find the course you want to buy, go through the check-out steps, and you’ll get a confirmation email from us with information and a link to the relevant Early Access courses.

What is Early Access? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Keeping up to date with the latest technology is difficult; new versions, new frameworks, new techniques. This feature gives you a head-start to our content, as it's being created. With Early Access you'll receive each chapter as it's written, and get regular updates throughout the product's development, as well as the final course as soon as it's ready.We created Early Access as a means of giving you the information you need, as soon as it's available. As we go through the process of developing a course, 99% of it can be ready but we can't publish until that last 1% falls in to place. Early Access helps to unlock the potential of our content early, to help you start your learning when you need it most. You not only get access to every chapter as it's delivered, edited, and updated, but you'll also get the finalized, DRM-free product to download in any format you want when it's published. As a member of Packt, you'll also be eligible for our exclusive offers, including a free course every day, and discounts on new and popular titles.