Chi-square tests
The chi-square test is a statistical test commonly used to compare observed data with the expected data assuming that the data follows a certain hypothesis. In a sense, this is also a hypothesis test. You assume one hypothesis, which your data will follow and calculate the expected data according to that hypothesis. You already have the observed data. You calculate the deviation between the observed and expected data using the statistics defined in the following formula:
Where O is the observed value and E is the expected value while the summation is over all the data points.
The chi-square test can be used to do the following things:
Show a causal relationship or independence between one input and output variable. We assume that they are independent and calculate the expected values. Then we calculate the chi-square value. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it suggests a relationship between the two variables. The relationship is not just by chance but statistically proven...
