Typedef and function pointers

The typedef in C/C++ code allows the programmer to give a new name or alias to any type. For example, one could typedef an int to myint. Or you can just simply typedef a struct so that you don't have to refer to the struct with the keyword struct every time. For example, consider this C struct and typedef:

struct foobar {
  int x;
  char * y;
};
typedef struct foobar foobar_t;

In Cython, this can be described by the following:

cdef struct foobar:
    int x
    char * y
ctypedef foobar foobar_t

Note we can also typedef pointer types as below:

ctypedef int * int_ptr

We can also typedef function C/C++ pointers, as follows:

typedef void (*cfptr) (int)

In Cython, this will be as follows:

ctypedef void (*cfptr)(int)

Using the function pointer is just as you would expect:

cdef cfptr myfunctionptr = &myfunc

There is some magic going on here with function pointers as it's simply not safe for raw Python code to directly call a Python function or vice versa. Cython understands...