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Causal Inference and Discovery in Python

You're reading from   Causal Inference and Discovery in Python Unlock the secrets of modern causal machine learning with DoWhy, EconML, PyTorch and more

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Product type Paperback
Published in May 2023
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781804612989
Length 456 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Aleksander Molak Aleksander Molak
Author Profile Icon Aleksander Molak
Aleksander Molak
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Table of Contents (21) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Part 1: Causality – an Introduction
2. Chapter 1: Causality – Hey, We Have Machine Learning, So Why Even Bother? FREE CHAPTER 3. Chapter 2: Judea Pearl and the Ladder of Causation 4. Chapter 3: Regression, Observations, and Interventions 5. Chapter 4: Graphical Models 6. Chapter 5: Forks, Chains, and Immoralities 7. Part 2: Causal Inference
8. Chapter 6: Nodes, Edges, and Statistical (In)dependence 9. Chapter 7: The Four-Step Process of Causal Inference 10. Chapter 8: Causal Models – Assumptions and Challenges 11. Chapter 9: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – from Matching to Meta-Learners 12. Chapter 10: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – Advanced Estimators, Experiments, Evaluations, and More 13. Chapter 11: Causal Inference and Machine Learning – Deep Learning, NLP, and Beyond 14. Part 3: Causal Discovery
15. Chapter 12: Can I Have a Causal Graph, Please? 16. Chapter 13: Causal Discovery and Machine Learning – from Assumptions to Applications 17. Chapter 14: Causal Discovery and Machine Learning – Advanced Deep Learning and Beyond 18. Chapter 15: Epilogue 19. Index 20. Other Books You May Enjoy

Call me names – spurious relationships in the wild

Don’t you feel that when we talk about spurious relationships and unobserved confounding, it’s almost like we’re talking about good old friends now? Maybe they are trouble sometimes, yet they just feel so familiar it’s hard to imagine the future without them.

We will start this section with a reflection on naming conventions regarding bias/spurious relationships/confounding across the fields. In the second part of the section, we’ll discuss selection bias as a special subtype of spuriousness that plays an important role in epidemiology.

Names, names, names

Oh boy! Reading about causality across domains can be a confusing experience! Some authors suggest using the term confounding only when there’s a common cause of the treatment and the outcome (Peters et al., 2017, p. 172; Hernán & Robins, 2020, p. 103); others allow using this term also in other cases of spuriousness...

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