Introducing Ethereum accounts

The state in Ethereum is made up of objects, each known as an account. Each account in Ethereum contains a 20-byte address. Each state transition is a direct transaction of value and information between various accounts. Each operation performed between or on the accounts is known as a statetransition. The state transition in Ethereum is done using the Ethereum state transition function.

The state change in Ethereum blockchain starts from the genesis block of the blockchain, as shown in this diagram:

Each block contains a series of transactions, and each block is chained to its previous block. To transition from one state to the next, the transaction has to be valid. The transaction is further validated using consensus techniques, which we have already discussed in previous chapters. 

To avoid stale blocks in Ethereum, GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) protocol was introduced. This was introduced to avoid random forking by any nodes and inapt verification...