Summary

In this chapter, we explored the SPI protocol, a widely used communication protocol in embedded systems for efficient data transfer between microcontrollers and peripherals. We began by understanding the basic principles of SPI, including its master-slave architecture, data transfer modes, and typical use cases, emphasizing its advantages such as full-duplex communication and high-speed operation.

Next, we examined the SPI peripheral in STM32F4 microcontrollers, focusing on critical registers such as SPI Control Register 1 (SPI_CR1), SPI Status Register (SPI_SR), and SPI Data Register (SPI_DR). We detailed how to configure these registers to set up the SPI peripheral for communication, covering important aspects such as clock polarity (CPOL) and clock phase (CPHA), data frame size, and master/slave configuration.

We then applied this theoretical knowledge by developing a bare-metal SPI driver. The development process included initializing the SPI peripheral, implementing...