Introducing ANOVA
ANOVA is a statistical hypothesis testing method used to compare the means of more than two groups, which extends the two-sample t-test discussed in the previous section. The goal of ANOVA is to test potential significant differences among the group means (the between-group variability) while accounting for the variability within each group (the within-group variability).
ANOVA relies on the F-statistic in hypothesis testing. The F-statistic is a ratio of two estimates of variance: the between-group variance and the within-group variance. The between-group variance measures the differences among the group means, while the within-group variance represents the variability within each group. The F-statistic can be calculated based on these two group variances.
In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis for ANOVA states that all group means are equal, and any observed differences are due to chance. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that at...
