Building stateless and stateful architectural designs

Stateless and stateful architectural designs represent two different approaches to managing client-server interactions within software applications. Stateless architectures treat each client request as a separate, independent transaction, requiring no knowledge of previous interactions; this simplifies design and enhances scalability, as any server can respond to any request without needing to maintain session information. On the other hand, stateful architectures retain client session information across multiple requests, allowing for more personalized and context-aware interactions but at the cost of increased complexity in managing session data and challenges in scaling, as the state must be consistently available and synchronized across server instances.

While designing a complex application such as an e-commerce website, you need to handle the user state to maintain activity flow, where users may be performing a chain...