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Natural Language Understanding with Python

You're reading from   Natural Language Understanding with Python Combine natural language technology, deep learning, and large language models to create human-like language comprehension in computer systems

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Product type Paperback
Published in Jun 2023
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781804613429
Length 326 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Deborah A. Dahl Deborah A. Dahl
Author Profile Icon Deborah A. Dahl
Deborah A. Dahl
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Table of Contents (21) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Part 1: Getting Started with Natural Language Understanding Technology
2. Chapter 1: Natural Language Understanding, Related Technologies, and Natural Language Applications FREE CHAPTER 3. Chapter 2: Identifying Practical Natural Language Understanding Problems 4. Part 2:Developing and Testing Natural Language Understanding Systems
5. Chapter 3: Approaches to Natural Language Understanding – Rule-Based Systems, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning 6. Chapter 4: Selecting Libraries and Tools for Natural Language Understanding 7. Chapter 5: Natural Language Data – Finding and Preparing Data 8. Chapter 6: Exploring and Visualizing Data 9. Chapter 7: Selecting Approaches and Representing Data 10. Chapter 8: Rule-Based Techniques 11. Chapter 9: Machine Learning Part 1 – Statistical Machine Learning 12. Chapter 10: Machine Learning Part 2 – Neural Networks and Deep Learning Techniques 13. Chapter 11: Machine Learning Part 3 – Transformers and Large Language Models 14. Chapter 12: Applying Unsupervised Learning Approaches 15. Chapter 13: How Well Does It Work? – Evaluation 16. Part 3: Systems in Action – Applying Natural Language Understanding at Scale
17. Chapter 14: What to Do If the System Isn’t Working 18. Chapter 15: Summary and Looking to the Future 19. Index 20. Other Books You May Enjoy

Why use rules?

Rules are a useful approach in one or more of the following situations:

  • The application you are developing has a requirement to analyze fixed expressions that include thousands or even millions of variants when it would be extremely difficult to provide enough data to learn a machine model. These kinds of expressions include numbers, monetary amounts, dates, and addresses, for example. It is hard for systems to learn models when the data is so diverse. Moreover, it is usually not necessary, as rules to analyze these expressions are not difficult to write because their formats are very structured. For both of these reasons, a rule-based approach is a simpler solution for recognizing fixed expressions.
  • Very little training data is available for the application, and creating new data would be expensive. For example, annotating new data might require very specialized expertise. Although there are now techniques (such as few-shot or zero-shot learning) that can...
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