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Mastering C# and .NET Framework
Mastering C# and .NET Framework

Mastering C# and .NET Framework: .NET Under the hood

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Mastering C# and .NET Framework

Chapter 2. Core Concepts of C# and .NET

This chapter covers the core concepts of C# and .NET, starting from the initial version and principal motivations behind its creation, and covering also the new aspects of the language, that appeared in versions 2.0 and 3.0.

We'll illustrate all the main concepts with small code snippets, short enough to facilitate its understanding and easy reproduction.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • C# and its role in the Microsoft Development ecosystem
  • Difference between strongly typed and weakly typed languages
  • The evolution in versions 2.0 and 3.0
  • Generics
  • Lambda expressions
  • LINQ
  • Extension methods

C# – what's different in the language?

I had the chance to chat with Hejlsberg a couple of times about the C # language and what the initial purposes and requirements imposed in its creation were and which other languages inspired him or contributed to his ideas.

The first time we talked, in Tech-Ed 2001 (at Barcelona, Spain), I asked him about the principles of his language and what makes it different from others. He first said that it was not only him who created the language, but also a group of people, especially Scott Wiltamuth, Peter Golde, Peter Sollich, and Eric Gunnerson.

Note

One of the first books ever published on the subject was, A Programmer's Introduction to C#, Gunnerson's.E., APress, 2000).

About the principles, he mentioned this:

"One of the key differences between C# and these other languages, particularly Java, is that we tried to stay much closer to C++ in our design. C# borrows most of its operators, keywords, and statements directly from C+...

Languages: strongly typed, weakly typed, dynamic, and static

The C# language is a strongly typed language: this means that any attempt to pass a wrong kind of parameter as an argument, or to assign a value to a variable that is not implicitly convertible, will generate a compilation error. This avoids many errors that only happen at runtime in other languages.

In addition, by dynamic, we mean those languages whose rules are applied at runtime, while static languages apply their rules at compile time. JavaScript or PHP are good examples of the former case, and C/C++ of the latter. If we make a graphic representation of this situation, we might come up with something like what is shown in the following figure:

Languages: strongly typed, weakly typed, dynamic, and static

In the figure, we can see that C# is clearly strongly typed, but it's much more dynamic than C++ or Scala, to mention a few. Of course, there are several criteria to catalog languages for their typing (weak versus strong) and for their dynamism (dynamic versus static).

Note that this...

The true reason for delegates

It so happens that besides these architectural considerations that we've mentioned, there was another reason that was key to the design: ensuring that a .NET program would never produce a BSOD (Blue Screen of Death).

So, the team tackled the problem scientifically and made a statistical analysis of their causes (more than 70,000 of these screens were used in the analysis). It turned out that around 90% of the causes for this problem were due to drivers, and the only thing they could do was get serious with manufacturers, asking them to pass the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) and little else.

Note

The current HCL page for Windows can be found at https://sysdev.microsoft.com/en-us/hardware/lpl/.

So, they had a remaining 10% problem due to their own software, but the big surprise was that instead of finding five or 10 core causes for these failures, the problem focused mainly on just two reasons:

  • Pointer to functions that get lost, which I represent in the...

The evolution in versions 2.0 and 3.0

As we see, even from the very beginning, the Hejlsberg's team started with a complete, flexible, and modern platform, capable of being extended in many ways as technology evolves. This intention became clear since version 2.0.

The first actual fundamental change that took place in the language was the incorporation of Generics. Don Syme, who would later on lead the team that created the F# language, was very active and led this team as well, so it was ready for version 2.0 of the .NET Framework (not just in C# but in C++ and VB.NET as well).

Generics

The purpose of generics was mainly to facilitate the creation of more reusable code (one of the principles of OOP, by the way). The name refers to a set of language features that allow classes, structures, interfaces, methods, and delegates to be declared and defined with unspecified or generic type parameters instead of specific types (see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms379564(v=vs.80).aspx...

Summary

In this chapter, we saw some of the most relevant enhancements made to the C# language in versions 2 and 3.

We started by reviewing the main differences between C# and other languages and understanding the meaning of strongly typed, in this case, together with the concepts of static and dynamic.

Then, we explained some of the main reasons behind the creation of the concept of delegates—absolutely crucial in .NET—and whose origins were motivated by very serious and solid architectural reasons. We also revised .NET usage in several common programming scenarios.

We followed this up with an examination of the generics feature that appeared in version 2.0 of the framework and analyzed some samples to illustrate some typical use cases, including the creation of custom generic methods.

From generics, we moved on to Lambda expressions, which appeared in the version that follows, allowing us to simplify calls to generic methods by passing anonymous methods expressed in a very elegant...

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Key benefits

  • Uniquely structured content to help you understand what goes on under the hood of .NET’s managed code platform to master .NET programming
  • Deep dive into C# programming and how the code executes via the CLR
  • Packed with hands-on practical examples, you’ll understand how to write applications to make full use of the new features of .NET 4.6, .NET Core and C# 6/7

Description

Mastering C# and .NET Framework will take you in to the depths of C# 6.0/7.0 and .NET 4.6, so you can understand how the platform works when it runs your code, and how you can use this knowledge to write efficient applications. Take full advantage of the new revolution in .NET development, including open source status and cross-platform capability, and get to grips with the architectural changes of CoreCLR. Start with how the CLR executes code, and discover the niche and advanced aspects of C# programming – from delegates and generics, through to asynchronous programming. Run through new forms of type declarations and assignments, source code callers, static using syntax, auto-property initializers, dictionary initializers, null conditional operators, and many others. Then unlock the true potential of the .NET platform. Learn how to write OWASP-compliant applications, how to properly implement design patterns in C#, and how to follow the general SOLID principles and its implementations in C# code. We finish by focusing on tips and tricks that you'll need to get the most from C# and .NET. This book also covers .NET Core 1.1 concepts as per the latest RTM release in the last chapter.

Who is this book for?

This book was written exclusively for .NET developers. If you’ve been creating C# applications for your clients, at work or at home, this book will help you develop the skills you need to create modern, powerful, and efficient applications in C#. No knowledge of C# 6/7 or .NET 4.6 is needed to follow along—all the latest features are included to help you start writing cross-platform applications immediately. You will need to be familiar with Visual Studio, though all the new features in Visual Studio 2015 will also be covered.

What you will learn

  • Understand C# core concepts in depth, from sorting algorithms to the Big O notation
  • Get up to speed with the latest changes in C# 6/7
  • Interface SQL Server and NoSQL databases with .NET
  • Learn SOLID principles and the most relevant GoF Patterns with practical examples in C# 6.0
  • Defend C# applications against attacks
  • Use Roslyn, a self-hosted framework to compile and advanced edition in both C# and Visual basic .NET languages
  • Discern LINQ and associated Lambda expressions, generics, and delegates
  • Design a .NET application from the ground up
  • Understand the internals of a .NET assembly
  • Grasp some useful advanced features in optimization and parallelism
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Publication date : Dec 15, 2016
Length: 560 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785884375
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Table of Contents

14 Chapters
1. Inside the CLR Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Core Concepts of C# and .NET Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Advanced Concepts of C# and .NET Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Comparing Approaches for Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Reflection and Dynamic Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. SQL Database Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. NoSQL Database Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Open Source Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Architecture Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Performance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Advanced Topics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2.7
(3 Ratings)
5 star 33.3%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 33.3%
1 star 33.3%
Jeffrey L. Armbruster Oct 24, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Covers a lot of C# .Net framework topics. Not in excruciating detail. But enough to get you using the topic code. Posadas, the author, is brave to cover so much material. Well-worth the price and your time. Excellent for self-taught developers and as a classroom reference. Great book!Highly recommended.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Håvard Oct 07, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
I haven’t read this Book from the first to the last page, but dived in to the chapters that seemed most interesting.The Book starts with an suprisingly deep coverage of the CLR. That chapters and others with it represents what are irrelevant details for me. The Book says that no previous knowledge of C# is needed. I do have some knowledge, but I’m often having trouble understanding what the author is trying to tell me.Two stars may be harsh, but that represents the value this book has had for me. The pedagogical techniques didn’t come through to me.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
screenjockey Mar 09, 2018
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
As of March 9, 2019, the Kindle version is awful - the table of contents is horked, hyperlinks are limited, etc Now to figure out how to return it ...
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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