Understanding entanglement

Entanglement is probably one of the most interesting of the three quantum computing principles. This is mainly because it still baffles physicists and scientists to this day, with many taking different philosophical sides on the discussion. I won't bore you with the details, but I will definitely provide you with enough information for you to understand what entanglement is, but not to have a way to prove it. Yes, it sounds confusing, but believe me, the devil is in the detail and there just isn't enough space for us to formulate a comprehensive answer to how entanglement works. But enough of that – let's get to work!

Quantum entanglement, or just entanglement, is simply defined as a quantum mechanical phenomenon that occurs when two or more particles have correlated states. What this, in essence, means is that if you have two particles or, for our purposes, qubits, that are entangled, this means that when we measure one qubit, we...