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Concurrent Patterns and Best Practices
Concurrent Patterns and Best Practices

Concurrent Patterns and Best Practices: Build scalable apps in Java with multithreading, synchronization and functional programming patterns

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Concurrent Patterns and Best Practices

A Taste of Some Concurrency Patterns

In the previous chapter, we touched upon the problem of races. We have race conditions in real life too! The next example is a little hypothetical. People don't miss one another that much, given the technology available these days. However, let's pretend we don't have this technology (I know it's hard to imagine it—let's just pretend for a while though). Let's say it's a Friday and I come home, planning to go for dinner and a movie. I call my wife and daughter, and they reach the movie theater a little ahead of time. However, while driving back home, I get caught in the Friday evening rush and get delayed in traffic. Because I'm running so late, my wife decides to take a stroll and decides to call on a friend working nearby for a cozy chat. 

Meanwhile, I arrive at the movie theater, park my...

A thread and its context

 As we saw in Chapter 1, Concurrency – An Introduction, a process is a container for threads. A process has executable code and global data; all threads share these things with other threads of the same process. As the following diagram shows, the binary executable code is read-only. It can be freely shared by threads as there is nothing mutable there.

The global data is mutable though and, as shown in the diagram, this is the source of concurrency bugs! Most of the techniques and patterns we will study in this book are ways to avoid such bugs.

Threads of the same process run concurrently. How is this achieved, given there is just one set of registers? Well, here's the answer: the thread context. This context helps a thread keep its runtime information independent of another thread. The thread context holds the register set and the stack...

Race conditions

Let's start by looking at some concurrency bugs. Here is a simple example of incrementing a counter:

public class Counter {
private int counter;

public int incrementAndGet() {
++counter;
return counter;
}

This code is not thread-safe. If two threads are running using the same object concurrently, the sequence of counter values each gets is essentially unpredictable.  The reason for this is the ++counter operation. This simple-looking statement is actually made up of three distinct operations, namely read the new value,  modify the new value, and store the new value:

         

As shown in the preceding diagram, the thread executions are oblivious of each other, and hence interfere unknowingly, thereby introducing a lost update. 

The following code illustrates the ...

Summary 

We began this chapter by looking at race conditions and saw the need for synchronization, in real life situations as well as in concurrent code. We had a detailed look at race conditions and saw the role that the volatile keyword plays. 

Next, we looked at the singleton pattern, which represents a program's global state. We saw how to safely share the state using monitors. We also correct visibility semantics and looked at an optimization called double-checked locking. We also saw how the initialization on demand holder design pattern resolves these problems.

We looked at a use case, a concurrent set implementation, using sorted linked lists. Using locks could lead to coarse-grained locking. Though semantically correct, this scheme allows only a single thread, and this could hurt concurrency. 

The solution was to use the hand-over...

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Key benefits

  • Learn functional programming patterns to write clear and high quality code
  • Explore parallel programming and multithreading techniques to make your code run faster
  • Efficiently use thread pools, actors patterns, and threading patterns to build reliable applications

Description

Selecting the correct concurrency architecture has a significant impact on the design and performance of your applications. Concurrent design patterns help you understand the different characteristics of parallel architecture to make your code faster and more efficient. This book will help Java developers take a hands-on approach to building scalable and distributed apps by following step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples. You’ll begin with basic concurrency concepts and delve into the patterns used for explicit locking, lock-free programming, futures, and actors. You’ll explore coding with multithreading design patterns, including master, slave, leader, follower, and map-reduce, and then move on to solve problems using synchronizer patterns. You'll even discover the rationale for these patterns in distributed and parallel applications, and understand how future composition, immutability, and the monadic flow help you create more robust code. By the end of the book, you’ll be able to use concurrent design patterns to build high performance applications confidently.

Who is this book for?

If you’re a developer with foundational programming knowledge and want to learn patterns to build scalable and high performing apps, this guide is a must-have.

What you will learn

  • Explore parallel architecture
  • Get to grips with concurrency models to optimize your code s performance
  • Explore important concurrency patterns in the Java multithreading library
  • Gain insights into concurrent design patterns
  • Discover design principles behind a variety of thread abstractions in Java
  • Apply functional concurrency patterns to address issues with threads and locks

Product Details

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Publication date : Sep 27, 2018
Length: 264 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788627900
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Product Details

Publication date : Sep 27, 2018
Length: 264 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788627900
Category :
Languages :
Concepts :

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Frequently bought together


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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
Concurrency – An Introduction Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A Taste of Some Concurrency Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
More Threading Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Thread Pools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Increasing the Concurrency Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Functional Concurrency Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Actors Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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1 star 0%
Placeholder Sep 17, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
1) Good high level view of things in the world of concurrent design/implementation.2) Very nice, real life examples; easy to relate to.3) Informal approach to the subject, makes the subject less intimidating.4) General things of importance in the world of software development, those that are not directly related to concurrency are also mentioned and briefly talked about.I wish the author writes more books on software development in general. Many thanks and all the best.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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