RAG security challenges
RAG applications face unique security challenges due to their reliance on large language models (LLMs) and external data sources. Let’s start with the black box challenge, highlighting the relative difficulty in understanding how an LLM determines its response.
LLMs as black boxes
When something is in a dark, black box with the lid closed, you cannot see what is going on in there! That is the idea behind the black box when discussing LLMs, meaning there is a lack of transparency and interpretability in how these complex AI models process input and generate output. The most popular LLMs are also some of the largest, meaning they can have more than 100 billion parameters. The intricate interconnections and weights of these parameters make it difficult to understand how the model arrives at a particular output.
While the black box aspects of LLMs do not directly create a security problem, it does make it more difficult to identify solutions to problems...