Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Save more on your purchases! discount-offer-chevron-icon
Savings automatically calculated. No voucher code required.
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®
Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®

Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®: Practical recipes for quantum computer coding at the gate and algorithm level with Python

Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Hassi Norlen
Arrow right icon
$19.99 per month
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (7 Ratings)
Paperback Nov 2020 408 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$9.99 $29.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Hassi Norlen
Arrow right icon
$19.99 per month
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (7 Ratings)
Paperback Nov 2020 408 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$9.99 $29.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
eBook
$9.99 $29.99
Paperback
$43.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m

What do you get with a Packt Subscription?

Free for first 7 days. $19.99 p/m after that. Cancel any time!
Product feature icon Unlimited ad-free access to the largest independent learning library in tech. Access this title and thousands more!
Product feature icon 50+ new titles added per month, including many first-to-market concepts and exclusive early access to books as they are being written.
Product feature icon Innovative learning tools, including AI book assistants, code context explainers, and text-to-speech.
Product feature icon Thousands of reference materials covering every tech concept you need to stay up to date.
Subscribe now
View plans & pricing
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®

Chapter 2: Quantum Computing and Qubits with Python

Quantum computing is a fairly new and fairly old field at the same time. The ideas and concepts used to achieve quantum computing (such as quantum mechanical superposition and entanglement) have been around for almost a century and the field of quantum information science was founded almost 40 years ago. Early explorers, such as Peter Shor and Lov Grover, produced quantum computing algorithms (Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm) that are now starting to become as well known as foundational physics concepts such as E=mc2. For details, see the references at the end of the chapter.

At the same time, real quantum computers that utilize these effects are a relatively recent invention. The requirements for building one were outlined by DiVincenzo in the 1990, and IBM opened up its IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® in 2016, effectively the first time anyone outside of a research lab could start exploring this...

Technical requirements

The recipes that we discuss in this chapter can be found here: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Quantum-Computing-in-Practice-with-Qiskit-and-IBM-Quantum-Experience/tree/master/Chapter02.

For more information about how to get the recipe sample code, refer to the Downloading the code samples section in Chapter 1, Preparing Your Environment.

Comparing a bit and a qubit

So, let's start with the obvious—or perhaps, not so obvious—notion that most people who read this book know what a bit is.

An intuitive feeling that we have says that a bit is something that is either zero (0) or one (1). By putting many bits together, you can create bytes as well as arbitrary large binary numbers, and with those, build the most amazing computer programs, encode digital images, encrypt your love letters and bank transactions, and more.

In a classical computer, a bit is realized by using low or high voltages over the transistors that make up the logic board, typically something such as 0 V and 5 V. In a hard drive, the bit might be a region magnetized in a certain way to represent 0 and the other way for 1, and so on.

In books about quantum computing, the important point to drive home is that a classical bit can only be a 0 or a 1; it can never be anything else. In the computer example, you can imagine a box with...

Visualizing a qubit in Python

In this recipe, we will use generic Python with NumPy to create a vector and visual representation of a bit and show how it can be in only two states, 0 and 1. We will also introduce our first, smallish foray into the Qiskit® world by showing how a qubit can not only be in the unique 0 and 1 states but also in a superposition of these states. The way to do this is to take the vector form of the qubit and project it on the so-called Bloch sphere, for which there is a Qiskit® method. Let's get to work!

In the preceding recipe, we defined our qubits with the help of two complex parameters—a and b. This meant that our qubits could take values other than the 0 and 1 of a classical bit. But it is hard to visualize a qubit halfway between 0 and 1, even if you know a and b.

However, with a little mathematical trickery, it turns out that you can also describe a qubit using two angles—theta () and phi ()—and visualize the...

A quick introduction to quantum gates

Now that we have sorted out the difference between bits and qubits, and have also understood how to visualize the qubit as a Bloch sphere, we know all that there is to know about qubits, correct? Well, not quite. A qubit, or for that matter, hundreds or thousands of qubits, is not the only thing you need to make a quantum computer! You need to perform logical operations on and with the qubits. For this, just like a classical computer, we need logical gates.

I will not go into any great detail on how logical gates work, but suffice to say that a quantum gate, operates on the input of one or more qubits and outputs a result.

In this recipe, we will work our way through the mathematical interpretation of few quantum gates by using matrix multiplication of single- and multi-qubit gates. Don't worry, we will not dig deep, just a little to scratch the surface. You will find a deeper look quantum gates in Chapter 6, Understanding the Qiskit...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Work your way up from writing a simple quantum program to programming complex quantum algorithms
  • Explore the probabilistic nature of qubits by performing quantum coin tosses and using random number generators
  • Delve into quantum algorithms and their practical applications in various domains

Description

IBM Quantum Experience® is a leading platform for programming quantum computers and implementing quantum solutions directly on the cloud. This book will help you get up to speed with programming quantum computers and provide solutions to the most common problems and challenges. You’ll start with a high-level overview of IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit®, where you will perform the installation while writing some basic quantum programs. This introduction puts less emphasis on the theoretical framework and more emphasis on recent developments such as Shor’s algorithm and Grover’s algorithm. Next, you’ll delve into Qiskit®, a quantum information science toolkit, and its constituent packages such as Terra, Aer, Ignis, and Aqua. You’ll cover these packages in detail, exploring their benefits and use cases. Later, you’ll discover various quantum gates that Qiskit® offers and even deconstruct a quantum program with their help, before going on to compare Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and actual hardware. Finally, you’ll explore quantum algorithms and understand how they differ from classical algorithms, along with learning how to use pre-packaged algorithms in Qiskit® Aqua. By the end of this quantum computing book, you’ll be able to build and execute your own quantum programs using IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® with Python.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers, data scientists, machine learning researchers, or quantum computing enthusiasts who want to understand how to use IBM Quantum Experience® and Qiskit® to implement quantum solutions and gain practical quantum computing experience. Python programming experience is a must to grasp the concepts covered in the book more effectively. Basic knowledge of quantum computing will also be beneficial.

What you will learn

  • Visualize a qubit in Python and understand the concept of superposition
  • Install a local Qiskit® simulator and connect to actual quantum hardware
  • Compose quantum programs at the level of circuits using Qiskit® Terra
  • Compare and contrast Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum computing (NISQ) and Universal Fault-Tolerant quantum computing using simulators and IBM Quantum® hardware
  • Mitigate noise in quantum circuits and systems using Qiskit® Ignis
  • Understand the difference between classical and quantum algorithms by implementing Grover's algorithm in Qiskit®

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Nov 23, 2020
Length: 408 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838828448
Vendor :
IBM
Category :
Languages :

What do you get with a Packt Subscription?

Free for first 7 days. $19.99 p/m after that. Cancel any time!
Product feature icon Unlimited ad-free access to the largest independent learning library in tech. Access this title and thousands more!
Product feature icon 50+ new titles added per month, including many first-to-market concepts and exclusive early access to books as they are being written.
Product feature icon Innovative learning tools, including AI book assistants, code context explainers, and text-to-speech.
Product feature icon Thousands of reference materials covering every tech concept you need to stay up to date.
Subscribe now
View plans & pricing

Product Details

Publication date : Nov 23, 2020
Length: 408 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838828448
Vendor :
IBM
Category :
Languages :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
$19.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
$199.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
$279.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just $5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total $ 182.97
Dancing with Qubits
$94.99
Quantum Computing in Practice with Qiskit® and IBM Quantum Experience®
$43.99
Learn Quantum Computing with Python and IBM Quantum Experience
$43.99
Total $ 182.97 Stars icon
Banner background image

Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Chapter 1: Preparing Your Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Quantum Computing and Qubits with Python Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: IBM Quantum Experience® – Quantum Drag and Drop Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Starting at the Ground Level with Terra Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Touring the IBM Quantum® Hardware with Qiskit® Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Understanding the Qiskit® Gate Library Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Simulating Quantum Computers with Aer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Cleaning Up Your Quantum Act with Ignis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Grover's Search Algorithm Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Getting to Know Algorithms with Aqua Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(7 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Filter icon Filter
Top Reviews

Filter reviews by




N/A Feb 13, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Libro interessante per chi lavora con quell'ambiente. E' una sorta di coltellino svizzero per trovare subito le informazioni che ti servono.
Feefo Verified review Feefo
Blaine Bateman Feb 12, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
If you are into programming, math, or solving hard analytics problems you might know about Quantum Computing. It's been moving along and promises to change the future of computing, cryptography, search methods, and many other math-driven enterprises. However, it's not there yet, and you can't go to Best Buy and pick up a Quantum Notebook to learn with. This book is your key to learning Quantum Computing before it becomes mainstream. IBM has made several actual Quantum Computing systems available online for free, and this book tells you how to use them. The author Hassi Norlen makes this about as straightforward as, say, learning Excel.Topics covered include the Qiskit programming system which makes everything available via Python and gives you lots of access to the IBM Quantum Experience. Topics like Pauli notation, Superposition, Transpiling, and the names of a dozen or so Quantum Gates will roll off your tongue once you finish this book! In addition to the basics, you will learn about IBM's QASM and Aer quantum computer simulators, which among other things can be used to "debug" your Quantum circuits before you try them on real backends. You also learn about Qiskit Ignis, which can apply corrections to Quantum readout (as today's Quantum Computers are noisy), Grover's Search Algorithm (a Quantum algorithm), and how to import methods (including Grover's algorithm) into Python using Aqua.This book is a huge service to the community. Keep in mind if you have 0 linear algebra background, no Python experience, and don't like basic math notation, this book may be a struggle but you can still work through it. On the other hand, if you have a comfort level in those things, you will breeze through this and wonder why you weren't Quantum coding before.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Yahya Jan 27, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I really like this book although, I have not finished reading it yet and am bout halfway though. This book is very clear, great and helpful for everyone to learn about quantum computing and build hands-on skills using Qiskit and IBM Q. A little background in quantum computing will be helpful but this book takes you step by step through basic quantum programs and circuit schematics to inspect in detail fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics such as superposition, quantum entanglement and etc.In summary, this book would be a valuable reference for someone who is in the field of quantum computing, or even starting in the field. It is very comprehensive, up-to-date, and the varied information is covered.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Feb 09, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I really like this book for a variety of different reasons: it is thorough, accurate, and easily comprehensible. As a quantum engineer, we get questions all the time about how to better use and understand the software and I will point them now to this book.The chapters are very well organized and include all the important snipbits of code from Qiskit. I also like that this book can be used as a learning tool from the group up as well as a quick reference.It might not be the best tool for those looking to understand deep quantum theory or are coming from an experimentalist background, but for those who are developers and computer scientists, this up-to-date guide is ideal.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sathyaprakash Palaniyappan Jun 15, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
A complete reference book providing specific information or instruction about Qiskit and itQiskit fundamentals explained in simple way and This book will be useful for Intermediate level and Advanced level
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is included in a Packt subscription? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

A subscription provides you with full access to view all Packt and licnesed content online, this includes exclusive access to Early Access titles. Depending on the tier chosen you can also earn credits and discounts to use for owning content

How can I cancel my subscription? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

To cancel your subscription with us simply go to the account page - found in the top right of the page or at https://subscription.packtpub.com/my-account/subscription - From here you will see the ‘cancel subscription’ button in the grey box with your subscription information in.

What are credits? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Credits can be earned from reading 40 section of any title within the payment cycle - a month starting from the day of subscription payment. You also earn a Credit every month if you subscribe to our annual or 18 month plans. Credits can be used to buy books DRM free, the same way that you would pay for a book. Your credits can be found in the subscription homepage - subscription.packtpub.com - clicking on ‘the my’ library dropdown and selecting ‘credits’.

What happens if an Early Access Course is cancelled? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Projects are rarely cancelled, but sometimes it's unavoidable. If an Early Access course is cancelled or excessively delayed, you can exchange your purchase for another course. For further details, please contact us here.

Where can I send feedback about an Early Access title? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

If you have any feedback about the product you're reading, or Early Access in general, then please fill out a contact form here and we'll make sure the feedback gets to the right team. 

Can I download the code files for Early Access titles? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

We try to ensure that all books in Early Access have code available to use, download, and fork on GitHub. This helps us be more agile in the development of the book, and helps keep the often changing code base of new versions and new technologies as up to date as possible. Unfortunately, however, there will be rare cases when it is not possible for us to have downloadable code samples available until publication.

When we publish the book, the code files will also be available to download from the Packt website.

How accurate is the publication date? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The publication date is as accurate as we can be at any point in the project. Unfortunately, delays can happen. Often those delays are out of our control, such as changes to the technology code base or delays in the tech release. We do our best to give you an accurate estimate of the publication date at any given time, and as more chapters are delivered, the more accurate the delivery date will become.

How will I know when new chapters are ready? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

We'll let you know every time there has been an update to a course that you've bought in Early Access. You'll get an email to let you know there has been a new chapter, or a change to a previous chapter. The new chapters are automatically added to your account, so you can also check back there any time you're ready and download or read them online.

I am a Packt subscriber, do I get Early Access? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Yes, all Early Access content is fully available through your subscription. You will need to have a paid for or active trial subscription in order to access all titles.

How is Early Access delivered? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Early Access is currently only available as a PDF or through our online reader. As we make changes or add new chapters, the files in your Packt account will be updated so you can download them again or view them online immediately.

How do I buy Early Access content? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Early Access is a way of us getting our content to you quicker, but the method of buying the Early Access course is still the same. Just find the course you want to buy, go through the check-out steps, and you’ll get a confirmation email from us with information and a link to the relevant Early Access courses.

What is Early Access? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Keeping up to date with the latest technology is difficult; new versions, new frameworks, new techniques. This feature gives you a head-start to our content, as it's being created. With Early Access you'll receive each chapter as it's written, and get regular updates throughout the product's development, as well as the final course as soon as it's ready.We created Early Access as a means of giving you the information you need, as soon as it's available. As we go through the process of developing a course, 99% of it can be ready but we can't publish until that last 1% falls in to place. Early Access helps to unlock the potential of our content early, to help you start your learning when you need it most. You not only get access to every chapter as it's delivered, edited, and updated, but you'll also get the finalized, DRM-free product to download in any format you want when it's published. As a member of Packt, you'll also be eligible for our exclusive offers, including a free course every day, and discounts on new and popular titles.