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Oracle Application Express 3.2 - The Essentials and More
Oracle Application Express 3.2 - The Essentials and More

Oracle Application Express 3.2 - The Essentials and More: Develop Native Oracle database-centric web applications quickly and easily with Oracle APEX

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Oracle Application Express 3.2 - The Essentials and More

Chapter 2. What we need to know to effectively use APEX

APEX is a declarative tool. As such, we are working with wizards and properties/attributes sheets. However, in some cases, the declarative wizards don't support all the technologies, options, and finer details that are available to us in the environment in which APEX operates and are important to achieve the tasks and business logic of our APEX application.

Whenever we want to enhance the generic result of a declarative wizard, such as in some of the following cases:

  • Generating complex reports

  • Having better control over the page layout, format, and styling

  • Enhancing the functionality of the APEX application page, utilizing advanced technologies (like AJAX)

  • Fully utilizing the Oracle database resources

and more, we need to have some basic skills and a knowledge of relevant programming languages and technologies.

When and where appropriate or needed, whether mandatory or optional, the APEX wizards and property sheets will allow us to use our...

SQL and PL/SQL


SQL is essential where reports, charts, and calendars are concerned as it defines the scope and the conditions of the fetched data from the database. APEX includes some wizards and tools, such as the Wizard Report and Query Builder, which can greatly assist novice users in creating SQL queries, but basic SQL knowledge is still an advantage. The same can be said about PL/SQL, especially when we want to enhance the APEX built-in wizards and pre-defined processes capabilities, or when we use AJAX (on the server-side). For example, the APEX built-in wizards and the declarative pages natively support working with a composite Primary Key of up to two segments. Working with compound Primary Keys with more than two segments, is possible, but we will have to write our own DML code for that.

In this book, we'll assume that you have the basic skills and knowledge to handle the APEX tasks that involve SQL and PL/SQL.

HTML and CSS


HTML and CSS skills will help us a lot with enhancing and enriching the APEX built-in wizards and tools that are dealing with the look and feel of our applications. APEX allows us to define our own HTML templates or add our own CSS files, built from scratch or based on the existing HTML and CSS pre-built libraries (Theme in the APEX terminology). This will allow us to create applications with the exact look and feel that we need, for example, to maintain consistency with other Web applications in our environment.

JavaScript


JavaScript can give us the ultimate control over our pages, allowing us to change their layout and content dynamically and in real-time. JavaScript is also the client-side component of AJAX, which is a crucial technology in all the modern Web applications.

However, we must bear in mind that JavaScript can be banned from our client's Web browsers due to strict security policies, for example. JavaScript is also not fully supported on many of the low-end smart phones and PDAs. We should check the target environment for our APEX application and then decide how to use JavaScript.

Mastering JavaScript will make your life as a Web application developer much easier, regardless of which specific development tool you choose to use. Spending time learning it will definitely be worth your while, and the Internet is filled with JavaScript tutorials that can greatly assist in the learning process.

APEX includes a built-in JavaScript library. As of version 3.x, this library is documented in the...

HTML


We already know that the final product of the APEX Application Builder is an HTML code, so the importance of this Hyper Text Markup Language (and its successor, the eXtensible version, XHTML) can't be overrated.

The DOM (Document Object Model)

Every element that we are placing on our application page is being translated by the APEX engine, into a combination of HTML, CSS, and in some cases, JavaScript code. As such, all the elements of the page are being arranged in a DOM (Document Object Model) structure a hierarchical, tree-like model. The DOM standard, formalized by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), allows us to access and manipulate every node on the tree, whether by direct access or by walking up (or down) the tree.

The main building blocks of the DOM are the DOM objects. Every DOM object has a series of properties and methods, and it can include other objects and even a collection of objects (e.g. an array of all images or links on the page).

The two highest objects in the DOM hierarchy...

CSS


The Cascading Style Sheets allow us to control the look and feel of our HTML pages and achieve the page design we want. The CSS language allows us to set or change the format, style, position, and other visual properties of the HTML page elements. Combined with JavaScript, it allows us to do that dynamically at run-time, even after the DOM is fully constructed.

The CSS standard is relatively new and is not being implemented to the same level, or in the same manner, across the various Web browser versions. When we are talking about different display results of the same HTML code across various Web browsers, it is usually because there are different ways of supporting (or not supporting) and implementing the CSS standard. We have to bear this in mind and always check if the CSS code we are using is supported in our target client's environment. Sometimes we have to add specific CSS code for a specific Web browser, most notably for MS Internet Explorer. We should always favor using common...

JavaScript


JavaScript is an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language, which runs in the Web browser.

JavaScript is not Java, despite the similar names. While Java can be a client-side and server-side programming language, running on the Oracle database, using the Oracle JVM, and utilizing a Java stored procedures, JavaScript is a client-side, interpreted script language only. It is running in the Web browser and has access only to some local resources, mainly the current active DOM (parent window can also access its popup windows DOM and a popup window can access its parent window DOM). Server-side resources, like PL/SQL blocks (anonymous or others) can't fire JavaScript code. However, the other direction, which is the JavaScript code triggering a server side processes, is possible, and this direction is one of the reasons JavaScript is so important and useful. JavaScript is the 'J' component in AJAX a technology that can dramatically improve the way our applications function, and enhance...

Summary


In this chapter, we reviewed some of the basic skills we should have in order to better utilize the Web development aspects of APEX. We talked about HTML, the DOM, CSS, and JavaScript. This chapter is not meant to teach you all these skills, but merely to give you a glimpse of what they are, what you can do with them, and what you should be looking for in order to continue learning and mastering these skills. One of the best resources to learn more about the issues in this chapter can be found in the following site http://www.w3schools.com/default.asp .

The APEX development environment is not equipped with dedicated tools for handling HTML, CSS, or JavaScript. It's important, and can be a major time saver, to find the proper tools for that. Both Firefox and MS IE have some very good add-ons to help us understand the DOM structure and effective CSS and JavaScript problems. Other commercial or free utilities can also assist you in your developmental efforts. Search the Internet, or...

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Key benefits

  • Grasp the principles behind APEX to develop efficient and optimized data-centric native web applications, for the Oracle environment
  • Gain a better understanding of the major principles and building blocks of APEX, like the IDE and its modules
  • Review APEX-related technologies like HTML and the DOM, CSS, and JavaScript, which will help you to develop better, richer, and more efficient APEX applications
  • Learn to Globalize APEX applications, including Right-To-Left support
  • This book covers APEX version 3.2, but the information is broadly applicable to all 3.x

Description

Developing data-centric web applications can be a real challenge as it is a multi-disciplinary process. There are many technologies involved in the client side (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and so on); the interaction with the database, on the server side; the typeless nature of the web environment; and above all, the need to put it all together. This needs to be done in a manner that will allow the end users to do their job in the simplest and most efficient way, while enriching their user experience. How often have you wished that developing such applications could be uncomplicated and straightforward? This book will show you that it's possible, and teaches you how to do it, using Oracle Application Express (APEX).With this practical guide to APEX, you'll learn how to easily develop data-centric web applications for the Oracle environment. The book covers the development cycle of an APEX application, reviewing the major APEX principles and building blocks chapter by chapter. It starts with the basic skills you need to get going when developing with APEX. Later, you will learn advanced issues, such as how to build tailor-made forms and reports, using APEX APIs, AJAX, and so on. It not only deals with the "How" but also with the "Why", and before long you will be able to understand APEX concepts, and use them to expand and enhance the built-in features, wizards, and tools.The book starts with the design phase, including building the necessary database objects infrastructure; continues with ways to implement the application logic (on the server side) and the User Interface (on the client side), whilst showing you how to enhance your applications' features and functionality according to your specific needs; and it ends with application deployment.The book emphasizes and clearly documents areas such as Globalization, Localization, and developing multi-lingual applications, and includes a special discussion about Right-To-Left (RTL) support for APEX applications, documented here for the first time.Throughout the book, there are many screenshots and snippets of code, taken from working APEX applications. The book is accompanied by demo APEX applications that you can download and install in your APEX environment, thoroughly analyze, and learn from as you read the book.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers, in general, and web developers, in particular, who wish to learn how to develop data-centric web applications in the Oracle environment. It is also for novice APEX developers, who wish to learn how to use and best utilize the APEX environment, as well as for more experience APEX developers who wish to improve their knowledge and understanding of APEX and its capabilities, and learn from the experience of others.It assumes basic knowledge of HTML, SQL, and PL/SQL. Basic JavaScript understanding is an advantage, and in general can make your life much easier as an APEX developer.

What you will learn

  • Fully utilize the Web development aspects of APEX by getting familiar with necessary skills such as HTML, the DOM, CSS, and JavaScript
  • Understand important concepts of APEX such as Session State, Substitution Strings, the Shortcuts mechanism, and more
  • Create the APEX application building blocks, like pages, items, processes, data validation, shared components, and others, and use them to implement the User Interface and the application (business) logic
  • Generate APEX Forms and modify them to your needs using the APEX wizards
  • Build, display, and validate a Tabular Form, manually as well as using a wizard
  • Create and modify Interactive Reports
  • Understand the AJAX concepts, such as XMLHttpRequest, communication, and data format, in order to enhance users experience, and to optimize application performance
  • Secure your applications using Authentication Schemes, Authorization Schemes, Session State Protection, and Security Attributes
  • Build localized and/or multi-lingual applications using the APEX Globalization support, including the APEX built-in translation mechanism
  • Convert Microsoft Access and Oracle Forms applications to APEX applications
  • Explore APEX SQL Workshop via its modules such as Object Browser, SQL Commands, SQL Scripts, and Query Builder, and learn how to use them to build the database infrastructure and support for your application
  • Implement AJAX in APEX with the help of detailed working examples
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Publication date : Jun 01, 2010
Length: 644 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
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Length: 644 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781847194527
Vendor :
Oracle
Category :
Languages :

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Table of Contents

24 Chapters
An Introduction to APEX Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
What we need to know to effectively use APEX Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Basic Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Application Builder Basic Concepts and Building Blocks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Items Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Buttons Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Computations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Validations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Processes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Branches Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX SQL Workshop Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Forms Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Reports Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Tabular Forms Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Calendars Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interactive Reports Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
AJAX with APEX Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Globalization and Localization With APEX Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Right-To-Left Support in APEX Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying APEX Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The APEX Runtime Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Application Conversion Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
APEX Best Practices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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M. Sewtz Jul 26, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book on Oracle Application Express (APEX), good way to get started and nice reference for more advanced developers. Very well structured. I think especially the first three chapters provide a great introduction into APEX, starting with defining what this product is actually all about, followed by a very good definition of the various technologies and standards used on APEX , and then providing a nice overview of the basic concepts. Subsequent chapters provide a nice reference on concepts like items, computations, validations, processes, etc. And even though APEX 4.0 was recently released, this book on APEX 3.2 is still very relevant and useful for anyone learning to develop web applications with APEX, regardless of whether APEX 3.2 or 4.0 is used.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Tamas Izsak Aug 13, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very well structured and detailed release on Oracle Application Express (APEX) 3.2. As a matter of fact, APEX 4.0 has been recently released, but this publication is still very relevant and useful for anyone who wishes to learn to develop web applications with APEX, either using APEX 3.2 or APEX 4.0. And I am absolutely convinced it is a good reference for the more experienced APEX developers as well. What makes me truly pleased is that an entire chapter has been dedicated to AJAX as well. Recomended!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
JYD May 09, 2011
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The title say it all. This a book starting point to know all about Oracle Express. After reading to this book, you have to take experience with the product, but after the book you can know where to start with.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Judy Nguyen Jul 09, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excellent
Amazon Verified review Amazon
mfo Jul 22, 2010
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Nice book on a marvellous RAD dvlpt that Oracle try to ignore at profit of JAVA!!The "Sun" is shining on Apex !But developpers are happy with this free Oracle product!MFOConsulting
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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