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Object-Oriented JavaScript
Object-Oriented JavaScript

Object-Oriented JavaScript: Learn everything you need to know about object-oriented JavaScript (OOJS) , Third Edition

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Object-Oriented JavaScript

Chapter 2. Primitive Data Types, Arrays, Loops, and Conditions

Before diving into the object-oriented features of JavaScript, let's first take a look at some of the basics. This chapter walks you through the following topics:

  • The primitive data types in JavaScript, such as strings and numbers
  • Arrays
  • Common operators, such as +, -, delete, and typeof
  • Flow control statements, such as loops and if...else conditions

Variables

Variables are used to store data; they are placeholders for concrete values. When writing programs, it's convenient to use variables instead of the actual data as it's much easier to write pi instead of 3.141592653589793; especially when it happens several times inside your program. The data stored in a variable can be changed after it initially assigned, hence the name variable. You can also use variables to store data that is unknown to you while you write the code, such as the result of a later operation.

Using a variable requires the following two steps. You will need to:

  • Declare the variable
  • Initialize it, that is, give it a value

To declare a variable, you will use the var statement like the following piece of code:

    var a; 
    var thisIsAVariable;  
    var _and_this_too;  
    var mix12three; 

For the names of the variables, you can use any combination of letters, numbers, the underscore character, and the dollar sign. However, you can't start with a number...

Operators

Operators take one or two values (or variables), perform an operation, and return a value. Let's check out a simple example of using an operator, just to clarify the terminology:

    > 1 + 2; 
    3 

In the preceding code:

  • The + symbol is the operator
  • The operation is addition
  • The input values are 1 and 2 (they are also called operands)
  • The result value is 3
  • The whole thing is called an expression

Instead of using the values 1 and 2 directly in the expression, you can use variables. You can also use a variable to store the result of the operation as the following example demonstrates:

    > var a = 1; 
    > var b = 2; 
    > a + 1; 
    2 
    > b + 2; 
    4 
    > a + b; 
    3 
    > var c = a + b; 
    > c; 
    3 

The following table lists the basic arithmetic operators:

Operator symbol

Operation

Example

+

Addition

> 1 + 2;   
3   

-

Subtraction

> 99.99 - 11;   
88.99   

*

Multiplication

> 2 * 3;   
6   

/

...

Primitive data types

Any value that you use is of a certain type. In JavaScript, the following are just a few primitive data types:

  1. Number: This includes floating point numbers as well as integers. For example, these values are all numbers-1, 100, 3.14.
  2. String: These consist of any number of characters, for example, a, one, and one 2 three.
  3. Boolean: This can be either true or false.
  4. Undefined: When you try to access a variable that doesn't exist, you get the special value undefined. The same happens when you declare a variable without assigning a value to it yet. JavaScript initializes the variable behind the scenes with the value undefined. The undefined data type can only have one value-the special value undefined.
  5. Null: This is another special data type that can have only one value-the null value. It means no value, an empty value, or nothing. The difference with undefined is that if a variable has a null value, it's still defined; it just so happens that its value is nothing. You...

Primitive data types recap

Let's quickly summarize some of the main points discussed so far:

  • There are five primitive data types in JavaScript:
    • Number
    • String
    • Boolean
    • Undefined
    • Null 

  • Everything that is not a primitive data type is an object.

    The primitive number data type can store positive and negative integers or floats, hexadecimal numbers, octal numbers, exponents, and the special numbers-NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity.

  • The string data type contains characters in quotes. Template literals allow embedding of expressions inside a string.
  • The only values of the Boolean data type are true and false.
  • The only value of the null data type is the null value.
  • The only value of the undefined data type is the undefined value.
  • All values become true when converted to a Boolean, with the exception of the following six falsy values:
    • ""
    • null
    • undefined
    • 0
    • NaN
    • false

Variables


Variables are used to store data; they are placeholders for concrete values. When writing programs, it's convenient to use variables instead of the actual data as it's much easier to write pi instead of 3.141592653589793; especially when it happens several times inside your program. The data stored in a variable can be changed after it initially assigned, hence the name variable. You can also use variables to store data that is unknown to you while you write the code, such as the result of a later operation.

Using a variable requires the following two steps. You will need to:

  • Declare the variable

  • Initialize it, that is, give it a value

To declare a variable, you will use the var statement like the following piece of code:

    var a; 
    var thisIsAVariable;  
    var _and_this_too;  
    var mix12three; 

For the names of the variables, you can use any combination of letters, numbers, the underscore character, and the dollar sign. However, you can't start with a...

Operators


Operators take one or two values (or variables), perform an operation, and return a value. Let's check out a simple example of using an operator, just to clarify the terminology:

    > 1 + 2; 
    3 

In the preceding code:

  • The + symbol is the operator

  • The operation is addition

  • The input values are 1 and 2 (they are also called operands)

  • The result value is 3

  • The whole thing is called an expression

Instead of using the values 1 and 2 directly in the expression, you can use variables. You can also use a variable to store the result of the operation as the following example demonstrates:

    > var a = 1; 
    > var b = 2; 
    > a + 1; 
    2 
    > b + 2; 
    4 
    > a + b; 
    3 
    > var c = a + b; 
    > c; 
    3 

The following table lists the basic arithmetic operators:

Operator symbol

Operation

Example

+

Addition

> 1 + 2;   
3   

-

Subtraction

> 99.99...

Primitive data types


Any value that you use is of a certain type. In JavaScript, the following are just a few primitive data types:

  1. Number: This includes floating point numbers as well as integers. For example, these values are all numbers-1, 100, 3.14.

  2. String: These consist of any number of characters, for example, a, one, and one 2 three.

  3. Boolean: This can be either true or false.

  4. Undefined: When you try to access a variable that doesn't exist, you get the special value undefined. The same happens when you declare a variable without assigning a value to it yet. JavaScript initializes the variable behind the scenes with the value undefined. The undefined data type can only have one value-the special value undefined.

  5. Null: This is another special data type that can have only one value-the null value. It means no value, an empty value, or nothing. The difference with undefined is that if a variable has a null value, it's still defined; it just so happens that its value is nothing. You'll...

Primitive data types recap


Let's quickly summarize some of the main points discussed so far:

  • There are five primitive data types in JavaScript:

    • Number

    • String

    • Boolean

    • Undefined

    • Null 

  • Everything that is not a primitive data type is an object.

    The primitive number data type can store positive and negative integers or floats, hexadecimal numbers, octal numbers, exponents, and the special numbers-NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity.

  • The string data type contains characters in quotes. Template literals allow embedding of expressions inside a string.

  • The only values of the Boolean data type are true and false.

  • The only value of the null data type is the null value.

  • The only value of the undefined data type is the undefined value.

  • All values become true when converted to a Boolean, with the exception of the following six falsy values:

    • ""

    • null

    • undefined

    • 0

    • NaN

    • false

Arrays


Now that you know about the basic primitive data types in JavaScript, it's time to move to a more powerful data structure-the array.

So, what is an array? It's simply a list (a sequence) of values. Instead of using one variable to store one value, you can use one array variable to store any number of values as elements of the array.

To declare a variable that contains an empty array, you can use square brackets with nothing between them, as shown in the following line of code:

    > var a = []; 

To define an array that has three elements, you can write the following line of code:

    > var a = [1, 2, 3]; 

When you simply type the name of the array in the console, you can get the contents of your array:

    > a; 
    [1, 2, 3] 

Now the question is how to access the values stored in these array elements. The elements contained in an array are indexed with consecutive numbers, starting from zero. The first element has index (or position) 0, the second has index...

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Key benefits

  • This book has been updated to cover all the new object-oriented features introduced in ECMAScript 6
  • It makes object-oriented programming accessible and understandable to web developers
  • Write better and more maintainable JavaScript code while exploring interactive examples that can be used in your own scripts

Description

JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that is used for website development. Web pages developed today currently follow a paradigm that has three clearly distinguishable parts: content (HTML), presentation (CSS), and behavior (JavaScript). JavaScript is one important pillar in this paradigm, and is responsible for the running of the web pages. This book will take your JavaScript skills to a new level of sophistication and get you prepared for your journey through professional web development. Updated for ES6, this book covers everything you will need to unleash the power of object-oriented programming in JavaScript while building professional web applications. The book begins with the basics of object-oriented programming in JavaScript and then gradually progresses to cover functions, objects, and prototypes, and how these concepts can be used to make your programs cleaner, more maintainable, faster, and compatible with other programs/libraries. By the end of the book, you will have learned how to incorporate object-oriented programming in your web development workflow to build professional JavaScript applications.

Who is this book for?

This book is ideal for new to intermediate JavaScript developers who want to prepare themselves for web development problems solved by object-oriented JavaScript!

What you will learn

  • Apply the basics of object-oriented programming in the JavaScript environment
  • Use a JavaScript Console with complete mastery
  • Make your programs cleaner, faster, and compatible with other programs and libraries
  • Get familiar with Iterators and Generators, the new features added in ES6
  • Find out about ECMAScript 6's Arrow functions, and make them your own
  • Understand objects in Google Chrome developer tools and how to use them
  • Use a mix of prototypal inheritance and copying properties in your workflow
  • Apply reactive programming techniques while coding in JavaScript
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Table of Contents

18 Chapters
1. Object-Oriented JavaScript Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Primitive Data Types, Arrays, Loops, and Conditions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Functions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Objects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. ES6 Iterators and Generators Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Prototype Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Inheritance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Classes and Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Promises and Proxies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. The Browser Environment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Coding and Design Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Testing and Debugging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Reactive Programming and React Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Reserved Words Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
B. Built-in Functions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
C. Built-in Objects Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
D. Regular Expressions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
E. Answers to Exercise Questions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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It's the best book for the topic.
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I started reading this book with a good JavaScript knowledge basis and really wished to had bought this book before, when I was learning the lenguaje. The authors not only give great explanations for every topic, but also take us to a deeper and deeper journey inside this beautiful language. I read 5 or 6 technical book in a year, and can say It's one of my best books ever. Recommended If you are learning or have a good basis and want to improve your JavaScript programming skills.
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I enjoy this work because it really helps you grasp OOP in ES6 and beyond. Strong OOP knowledge is very useful for React as well, and understanding how to build a good JS library or framework. This will take you JS game to the next level and help you go behind the scenes.
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Trata Javascript de una forma muy completa y actual.
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