Before we discuss partitioning, make a note that partitioning is a high availability feature that you need to purchase separately from Informatica. If you enable high availability features, you can make use of the partitioning functionality.
By default, a mapping containing source, target, and transformations has a single partition. A single partition means that a single record can flow from the source to target at a time. By adding multiple partitions, you logically divide the mapping into multiple sections-each section can pass a record at a time. So if you make three partitions in the mapping, three records can pass through the mapping, making your runtime reduced by one third. When you add a partition at any stage of the mapping, the integration service adds partitions at other stages of the mapping. You need to make sure that you have sufficient memory...