Quantum gates

In this section, I'd like to take the math you have learned in this chapter around matrices and connect it to actual quantum computing—namely, quantum gates. Please remember that this book is not about teaching you everything in quantum computing, but rather the mathematics needed to do and learn quantum computing. That being said, I want to connect the math to quantum computing and show the motivation for learning it. Do not be frustrated if this does not all make sense, and please consult the reference books in the appendix for more information on quantum gates.

Logic gates

In classical computing, we use logic gates to put together circuits that will implement algorithms, such as, adding two numbers. The logic gates represent Boolean logic. Here are some simple logic operations:

• AND
• OR
• NOT

In a circuit, you have input, output, and logic gates. The input and outputs are represented by a binary number, with 1 being true and 0 being...