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Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning

Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning: A use-case-driven approach to building and protecting ML pipelines from privacy and security threats

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Profile Icon Srinivasa Rao Aravilli
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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (8 Ratings)
Paperback May 2024 402 pages 1st Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Srinivasa Rao Aravilli
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$19.99 per month
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5 (8 Ratings)
Paperback May 2024 402 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$24.99 $35.99
Paperback
$44.99
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Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
eBook
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Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning

Introduction to Data Privacy, Privacy Breaches, and Threat Modeling

Privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly important in today’s digital age, where the use of personal data is ubiquitous in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and marketing. While ML can bring many benefits, such as improved accuracy and efficiency, it also raises significant concerns about privacy and security. Many individuals are increasingly concerned about the risks associated with the use of their personal data, including unauthorized access, misuse, and abuse. Furthermore, there are regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that require organizations to comply with strict privacy guidelines while processing personal data.

This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the techniques and tools available to protect individuals’ privacy while enabling effective ML. This book will...

What do privacy and data privacy mean?

Alan Westin’s theory describes privacy as the control over how information about a person is handled and communicated to others. Irwin Altman added that privacy includes limiting social interaction and included regulating personal space and territory.

Personal data includes any information that by itself or in conjunction with other elements can be used to identify an individual, such as their name, age, gender, personal identification number, race, religion, address, email address, biometric data, device IDs, medical data, and genetics data, based on the regulations defined in the country where the orginated from.

Privacy refers to an individual’s ability to keep their information, whether it is personal or non-personal data, to themselves and share data based on their consent. Privacy helps individuals maintain autonomy over their personal lives.

Data privacy focuses on the use and governance of personal data and policies...

Privacy by Design and a case study

The concept of PbD was created by Ann Cavoukian in the 1990s and presented in her 2009 presentation, “Privacy by Design: The Definitive Workshop.” As Cavoukian states, the concept of PbD encompasses more than just technology.

PbD is a framework that promotes the integration of privacy and data protection principles into the design and development of systems, products, and services.

The PbD framework has seven foundational principles. The objective of these principles is to ensure that privacy is embedded in every stage of a system’s development and that data subjects’ privacy rights are protected:

  • Proactive not reactive measures: PbD requires that privacy considerations be integrated into the design and development of a system from the outset, rather than being added as an afterthought.
  • Privacy as the default setting: PbD requires that privacy settings be set to the highest level by default and that users...

Privacy breaches

What is a privacy breach?

A privacy breach, also known as a data breach, refers to an incident where unauthorized individuals or entities gain access to confidential or sensitive information without proper authorization. This breach of privacy can occur in various forms, such as hacking, theft, accidental exposure, or improper handling of data. It typically involves the unauthorized access, acquisition, disclosure, or use of personal information, which may include personally identifiable information (PII) such as names, addresses, social security numbers, financial details, and login credentials.

Privacy breaches can have serious consequences for individuals, organizations, and even society. They can lead to identity theft, financial fraud, reputational damage, loss of trust, legal implications, and emotional distress for those affected. Protecting personal data and maintaining privacy is essential to ensure the security and well-being of individuals and maintain...

Privacy threat modeling

In an increasingly digital world, privacy has become a paramount concern for individuals, organizations, and societies at large. With the widespread collection and processing of personal data, it is essential to assess and mitigate privacy threats effectively.

Privacy threat modeling – definition

Privacy threat modeling is a proactive process that aims to identify and understand potential threats to privacy before they materialize. By examining the system’s architecture, data flows, and interactions, privacy threat modeling allows for the identification of vulnerabilities and risks that may compromise individuals’ privacy. It helps organizations anticipate and address privacy concerns during the design and development stages, ensuring privacy protections are integrated into the system from the outset.

The importance of privacy threat modeling

Privacy threat modeling offers several key benefits, including the following:

    ...

The LINDDUN framework

LINDDUN is a privacy threat modeling methodology that supports analysts in systematically eliciting and mitigating privacy threats in software architectures. This framework was developed by privacy experts at KU Leuven.

The LINDDUN framework consists of three main steps:

  1. Model the system.
  2. Elicit threats.
  3. Mitigate threats.
Figure 1.2 – LINDDUN framework steps

Figure 1.2 – LINDDUN framework steps

Step 1 – modeling the system

In this step, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system or product being developed, including detailed knowledge of data flows. This entails comprehending how data is collected, processed, utilized, retained, and shared, as well as identifying the system’s users and their access methods. Additionally, it is essential to understand how the system interacts with other systems. To facilitate the analysis of privacy threats, LINDDUN employs DFDs as a means of capturing system or product...

The need for privacy-preserving ML

Privacy-preserving ML has emerged as a response to the growing concerns about data privacy in AI and ML and the need to protect sensitive information while leveraging the power of ML algorithms. You will learn about ML and privacy-preserving ML techniques in the next chapter.

The following are some of the reasons why privacy-preserving ML is necessary:

  • Protection of sensitive data: Privacy-preserving ML techniques enable organizations to utilize sensitive data without exposing it to potential breaches or unauthorized access. By implementing privacy safeguards, organizations can protect sensitive information such as PII, medical records, financial data, or proprietary business data. You will learn more in Chapters 5 to 8 on how to protect sensitive data using different privacy-preserving technologies.
  • Compliance with privacy regulations: Many jurisdictions have enacted strict privacy regulations and data protection laws, such as the...

Summary

To summarize, we have acquired a high-level understanding of privacy, data privacy, PbD concepts, and privacy threat modeling. Furthermore, we have explored the importance of privacy-preserved ML through a case study.

Moving forward, the next chapter will provide a brief overview of different types of ML (supervised and unsupervised) and the phases involved in ML (data extraction, data preparation, model development, model deployment, and inferencing). Additionally, we will examine the privacy threats and attacks associated with each phase.

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Key benefits

  • Understand machine learning privacy risks and employ machine learning algorithms to safeguard data against breaches
  • Develop and deploy privacy-preserving ML pipelines using open-source frameworks
  • Gain insights into confidential computing and its role in countering memory-based data attacks
  • Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook

Description

– In an era of evolving privacy regulations, compliance is mandatory for every enterprise – Machine learning engineers face the dual challenge of analyzing vast amounts of data for insights while protecting sensitive information – This book addresses the complexities arising from large data volumes and the scarcity of in-depth privacy-preserving machine learning expertise, and covers a comprehensive range of topics from data privacy and machine learning privacy threats to real-world privacy-preserving cases – As you progress, you’ll be guided through developing anti-money laundering solutions using federated learning and differential privacy – Dedicated sections will explore data in-memory attacks and strategies for safeguarding data and ML models – You’ll also explore the imperative nature of confidential computation and privacy-preserving machine learning benchmarks, as well as frontier research in the field – Upon completion, you’ll possess a thorough understanding of privacy-preserving machine learning, equipping them to effectively shield data from real-world threats and attacks

Who is this book for?

– This comprehensive guide is for data scientists, machine learning engineers, and privacy engineers – Prerequisites include a working knowledge of mathematics and basic familiarity with at least one ML framework (TensorFlow, PyTorch, or scikit-learn) – Practical examples will help you elevate your expertise in privacy-preserving machine learning techniques

What you will learn

  • Study data privacy, threats, and attacks across different machine learning phases
  • Explore Uber and Apple cases for applying differential privacy and enhancing data security
  • Discover IID and non-IID data sets as well as data categories
  • Use open-source tools for federated learning (FL) and explore FL algorithms and benchmarks
  • Understand secure multiparty computation with PSI for large data
  • Get up to speed with confidential computation and find out how it helps data in memory attacks

Product Details

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Publication date : May 24, 2024
Length: 402 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781800564671
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Product Details

Publication date : May 24, 2024
Length: 402 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781800564671
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Languages :

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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Part 1: Introduction to Data Privacy and Machine Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Privacy, Privacy Breaches, and Threat Modeling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Machine Learning Phases and Privacy Threats/Attacks in Each Phase Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 2: Use Cases of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning and a Deep Dive into Differential Privacy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Overview of Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis and an Introduction to Differential Privacy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Overview of Differential Privacy Algorithms and Applications of Differential Privacy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Developing Applications with Differential Privacy Using Open Source Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 3: Hands-On Federated Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Federated Learning and Implementing FL Using Open Source Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Federated Learning Benchmarks, Start-Ups, and the Next Opportunity Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 4: Homomorphic Encryption, SMC, Confidential Computing, and LLMs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Multiparty Computation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Confidential Computing – What, Why, and the Current State Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Preserving Privacy in Large Language Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Chandra Jun 09, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book on "Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning" progresses from basic principles to advanced techniques, ensuring a solid foundation for readers at all levels. It includes practical applications through case studies and examples, illustrating real-world challenges and solutions. This comprehensive approach provides both theoretical knowledge and practical insights, making it a valuable resource for understanding and implementing privacy-preserving techniques in machine learning.The book begins by exploring the fundamentals of Data Privacy, differentiating between sensitive and personal sensitive data, and underscoring the importance of data privacy regulations, laws and its data subject rights. Very details on the "Privacy by design”(PbD) framework and its foundation principles as a critical approach for ensuring privacy throughout the data life cycle with detailed example of application/platform on how each PbD principle can implemented. Discusses the repercussions of Privacy Breaches through notable cases with different types of application includes web application, AI/ML applications, etc. The introduction of the frameworks (LINDDUN, STRIDE, PLOT4AI) aids in understanding privacy threat modeling.The subsequent section delves into Machine Learning, covering ML types like Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement learning with detailed examples. And preparing the ML models includes model persistence with different formats and using the model for inference. Next goes into ML Phases and sub-phases. After detailed explanation of Machine learning concepts, it discusses the challenges in persisting ML models and the Privacy threats/attacks includes Black-box and White-box type attack with each ML phase in details with examples, including model inversion and training data extraction attacks. By providing a detailed examination of privacy needs and threats in machine learning, complemented with examples of attacks using open-source frameworks, the book equips readers with a comprehensive understanding and significance of privacy-preserving techniques in safeguarding data in machine learning applications.The book introduces Privacy Preserving Data analysis, focusing on Privacy Enhanced Technologies and Differential Privacy, offering a solid foundation for implementing privacy measures in data analysis and machine learning. Detailed coverage on the different Privacy Preserving techniques includes Data anonymization i.e. K-anonymity and Data aggregation with examples and code. It discusses the prevention of reconstruction attacks on SQL through the Open Diffix framework and delves into the nuances of differential privacy, including privacy loss, budgets, and mechanisms. Further exploration into differential privacy covers algorithms like Laplace, Gaussian, and others, addressing the limitations of differential privacy. A practical section on developing applications with differential privacy showcases the implementation in fraud detection using open-source ML and DL frameworks (PyDP, PipelineDP, tmlt-analytics, PySpark,diffprivlib, PyTorch, and Opacus), alongside real-world applications. This comprehensive coverage ensures a deep understanding of differential privacy’s principles, applications, and challenges.The section Hands-on Federated Learning (FL) underscores its significance in addressing privacy concerns by allowing model training without centralizing data, exploring the differences between IID and non-IID datasets crucial for FL implementation. It introduces FL techniques such as FedAvg, FedYogi, FedSGD, and showcases the use of the Flower framework for a financial domain use case. Further, it reviews FL benchmarks and datasets, guiding the selection process for FL projects based on data characteristics and evaluation criteria. It also highlights the latest FL research, methodologies, challenges, and the role of startups in advancing FL technology, providing a comprehensive view of the current and future opportunities in federated learning.The book delves into privacy-enhancing techniques like homomorphic encryption (HE) and secure multiparty computation (SMC), detailing their principles, mathematical foundations, and application in machine learning to enable computations on encrypted data. It also introduces zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) for verifying knowledge without revealing the information itself. The concept of confidential computing is explored, emphasizing the importance of protecting data in memory using trusted execution environments (TEEs) and source code attestation to mitigate insider threats. It discusses the privacy vulnerabilities of large language models (LLMs) and strategies for preserving privacy when utilizing these models, including defenses against various privacy attacks. Lastly, it evaluates the support for secure enclaves across major cloud service providers, aiding in the decision-making process for deploying secure enclave-reliant applications. This comprehensive overview highlights the importance of privacy-preserving techniques in safeguarding sensitive data across different stages and platforms, ensuring data utility while maintaining privacy.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
bharat Jun 09, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It is must read for engineers, architects and enthusiasts in Data Privacy and Machine Learning space .Initial chapters in the book set the context on why Privacy By design is an important aspect of software development, different techniques/frameworks to achieve it. Deep dive on LINDDUN framework for privacy threat modeling with samples and hands on labs is very engaging.Author explores the need for privacy preserving machine learning with case studies on important scenarios encountered in technology development and hosting lifecycle. Chapters on different ML types with examples and models on Supervised/Unsupervised and Reinforced Learning are comprehensively articulated .Author also explores Privacy threats in different phases of ML, privacy threat/attack classifications and different Techniques to mitigate each kind off attack.The author holistically covers Privacy in data analysis ,tradeoff between Data utility and Data Privacy. Privacy preserving techniques Data Anonymization Algorithms and effectiveness vs ease comparison with pros and consLater chapters cover Privacy Enhancing Technologies and Privacy Preserving Machine Learning techniques and a deep dive into each of the technique Differential Privacy, Federated Learning,Homomorphic Encryption,SMC ,Confidential Computing, Preserving Privacy in LLMs with algorithms and discuss open source frameworks availability with bench marks and next opportunitiesElaborate samples, case studies, hands on labs make this book interactive.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
satya pallapothu Jul 10, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
A well written book, this is a must read if you need comprehensive understanding of Privacy-Preserving machine learning. Provides real-world use cases to develop and deploy privacy-preserving ML pipelines using open-source frameworks. A great resource for all personnel involved in ML projects.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Steven Fernandes Jun 25, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
A comprehensive guide that explores data privacy threats and attacks across different ML phases. It delves into real-world cases from Uber and Apple to illustrate differential privacy and data security enhancements. The book covers IID and non-IID data sets, data categories, and the use of open-source tools for federated learning. It also provides insights into FL algorithms, benchmarks, secure multiparty computation with PSI for large data, and confidential computation to protect against data-in-memory attacks. A must-read for anyone looking to secure their ML projects.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
P N V S Murthy Jun 09, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book on "Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning" offers an in-depth journey from foundational principles to sophisticated techniques, enriched with real-world case studies. It equips readers with both theoretical understanding and practical skills in implementing privacy-preserving methods in machine learning, making it an essential guide for navigating the complexities of data privacy today.The first section equip readers with a foundational understanding of data privacy and machine learning from a privacy-centric viewpoint, catering to a wide audience from enthusiasts to professionals.The second section of the book receives acclaim for its comprehensive guidance on privacy-preserving data analysis and differential privacy, merging theoretical concepts with practical applications. this section explores differential privacy algorithms and their associated challenges, delivering in-depth knowledge crucial for professionals. this section is dedicated to the practical application of differential privacy in real-world scenarios, providing valuable insights and examples for developers and data scientists.The third section delve deeply into federated learning (FL), underscoring its significance in improving privacy within machine learning. This section covers FL's foundational concepts, techniques, and practical use cases, acting as a valuable resource for professionals looking to incorporate FL into their projects. The following section broadens this exploration, examining FL through benchmarks, recent research, and its application in the start-up environment, shedding light on the potential and hurdles associated with FL.The fourth section of the book delve into sophisticated subjects within data privacy and security, with each part focusing on a distinct facet of the domain. This section demystifies cryptographic methods for data privacy, rendering intricate techniques understandable for a broad readership. This section is dedicated to confidential computing, elaborating on the deployment of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) and methods for safeguarding data in memory. This section contemplates the privacy issues associated with developing and utilizing large language models (LLMs), offering a mix of basic and in-depth insights. Collectively, these parts provide a thorough examination of cutting-edge topics in data privacy and security.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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