Network addressing concepts

There are different types of network addresses. An address serves to identify a node in a network. For example, the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol was an earlier protocol that was used to access nodes on a network. The X.25 is a protocol suite for Wide Area Network (WAN) packet switching. A MAC address provides a unique identifier for network interfaces at the physical network level. However, our primary interests are IP addresses.

URL/URI/URN

These terms are used to refer to the name and location of an Internet resource. A URI identifies the name of a resource, such as a website, or a file on the Internet. It may contain the name of a resource and its location.

A URL specifies where a resource is located, and how to retrieve it. A protocol forms the first part of the URL, and specifies how data is retrieved. URLs always contain protocol, such as HTTP, or FTP. For example, the following two URLs use different protocols. The first one uses the HTTPS...