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IoT and Edge Computing for Architects
IoT and Edge Computing for Architects

IoT and Edge Computing for Architects: Implementing edge and IoT systems from sensors to clouds with communication systems, analytics, and security , Second Edition

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IoT and Edge Computing for Architects

IoT Architecture and Core IoT Modules

The edge computing and IoT ecosphere starts with the simplest of sensors located in the remotest corners of the earth and translates analog physical effects into digital signals (the language of the Internet). Data then takes a complex journey through wired and wireless signals, various protocols, natural interference, and electromagnetic collisions, before arriving in the ether of the Internet. From there, packetized data will traverse various channels arriving at a cloud or large data center. The strength of IoT is not just one signal from one sensor, but the aggregate of hundreds, thousands, potentially millions of sensors, events, and devices.

This chapter starts with a definition of IoT versus machine-to-machine architectures. It also addresses the architect's role in building a scalable, secure, and enterprise IoT architecture. To do that, an architect must be able to speak to the value the design brings to a customer. The...

A connected ecosystem

Nearly every major technology company is investing or has invested heavily in IoT and the edge computing space. New markets and technologies have already formed (and some have collapsed or been acquired). Throughout this book, we will touch on nearly every segment in information technology, as they all have a role in IoT.

Figure 1: Example of the architectural layers of an IoT/edge computing system. This is one of the many potential configurations that must be considered by the architect. Here we show the sensor-to-cloud routes through direct communication and through edge gateways. We also highlight the functionality provided by the edge compute nodes and the cloud components.

As illustrated in the preceding figure, here are some of the components within an IoT/edge solution that we will study:

  • Sensors, actuators, and physical systems: Embedded systems, real-time operating systems, energy-harvesting sources...

Part 1 – Sensing and power

An IoT transaction starts or ends with an event: a simple motion, a temperature change, perhaps an actuator moving on a lock. Unlike many IT devices in existence, IoT in a large part is about a physical action or event. It responds to affect a real-world attribute. Sometimes this involves considerable data being generated from a single sensor, such as auditory sensing for preventative maintenance of machinery. Other times, it's a single bit of data indicating vital health data from a patient. Whatever the case may be, sensing systems have evolved and made use of Moore's law in scaling to sub-nanometer sizes and significantly reduced costs. Part 1 explores the depths of MEMs, sensing, and other forms of low-cost edge devices from a physical and electrical point of view. The part also details the necessary power and energy systems to drive these edge machines. We can't take power for granted at the edge. Collections of billions of small...

Part 2 – Data communication

A significant portion of this book surrounds connectivity and networking. There are countless other sources that dive deep into application development, predictive analytics, and machine learning. This book too will cover those topics, but an equal amount of emphasis is given to data communications. The IoT wouldn't exist without significant technologies to move data from the remotest and most hostile environment to the largest data centers at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and IBM. The acronym IoT contains the word Internet, and because of that, we need to dive deep into networking, communications, and even signal theory. The starting point for IoT isn't sensors or the application; it's about connectivity, as we will see throughout this book. A successful architect will understand the constraints of Internetworking from a sensor to a WAN and back again.

This communication and networking section starts with theory and mathematical...

Part 3 – Edge computing

Edge computing brings nontraditional computing power close to the sources of data. While embedded systems have existed in devices for the last 40 years, edge computing is more than a simple 8-bit microcontroller or analog-to-digital converter circuit used to display temperature. Edge computing attempts to solve critical problems as the number of connected objects and the complexity of use cases grows in the industry. For example, in IoT areas we need the following:

  • Accumulate data from several sensors and provide an entry point to the Internet.
  • Resolve critical real-time responses for safety-critical situations like remote surgery or automated driving.
  • Solutions that can manage an overwhelming amount of processing of unstructured data like video data or even streaming of video to save on costs of transporting the data over wireless carriers and cloud providers.

Edge computing also comes in layers as we will...

Part 4 – Compute, analytics, and machine learning

At this point, we must consider what to do with the data streaming in from edge nodes into a cloud service. First, we begin by talking about the aspects of cloud architectures such as SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS systems. An architect needs to understand the data flow and typical design of cloud services (what they are and how they are used). We use OpenStack as a model of cloud design and explore the various components from ingestor engines to data lakes to analytics engines.

Understanding the constraints of cloud architectures is also important to make a good judgment on how a system will deploy and scale. An architect must also understand how latency can affect an IoT system. Alternatively, not everything belongs in the cloud. There is a measurable cost in moving all IoT data to a cloud versus processing it at the edge (edge processing) or extending cloud services downward into an edge computing device (fog computing...

Part 5 – Threat and security in IoT

We conclude the book with a survey of IoT compromises and attacks. In many cases, IoT systems will not be secured in a home, or in a company. They will be in public, in very remote areas, in moving vehicles, or even inside a person. The IoT represents the single biggest attack surface for any type of cyberattack. We have seen countless academic hacks, well-organized cyber assaults, and even nation-state security breaches with IoT devices being the target. Part 5 will detail several aspects of such breaches and the types of remediation any architect must consider when making a consumer or enterprise IoT deployment a good citizen of the Internet. We explore the proposed congressional act to secure the IoT and understand the motivation and impact of such a government mandate.

This part will checklist the typical security provisions needed for IoT, or any network component. Details of new technologies such as blockchains and software...

Summary

This book will bridge the spectrum of technologies that comprise edge computing and the IoT. In this chapter, we summarized the domains and topics covered in the book. An architect must be cognizant of the interactions between these disparate engineering disciplines to build a system that is scalable, robust, and optimized. An architect will also be called upon to provide supporting evidence that the IoT system provides a value to the end user or the customer. Here, we learned about the application of Metcalfe's and Beckstrom's laws as tools for supporting an IoT deployment.

In the next chapters, we will learn about communication from sensors and edge nodes to the Internet and cloud. First, we will examine the fundamental theory behind radio signals and systems and their constraints and limits, and then we will dive into near-range and long-range wireless communication.

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Key benefits

  • Build a complete IoT system that's the best fit for your organization
  • Learn about different concepts, tech, and trade-offs in the IoT architectural stack
  • Understand the theory and implementation of each element that comprises IoT design

Description

Industries are embracing IoT technologies to improve operational expenses, product life, and people's well-being. An architectural guide is needed if you want to traverse the spectrum of technologies needed to build a successful IoT system, whether that's a single device or millions of IoT devices. IoT and Edge Computing for Architects, Second Edition encompasses the entire spectrum of IoT solutions, from IoT sensors to the cloud. It examines modern sensor systems, focusing on their power and functionality. It also looks at communication theory, paying close attention to near-range PAN, including the new Bluetooth® 5.0 specification and mesh networks. Then, the book explores IP-based communication in LAN and WAN, including 802.11ah, 5G LTE cellular, Sigfox, and LoRaWAN. It also explains edge computing, routing and gateways, and their role in fog computing, as well as the messaging protocols of MQTT 5.0 and CoAP. With the data now in internet form, you'll get an understanding of cloud and fog architectures, including the OpenFog standards. The book wraps up the analytics portion with the application of statistical analysis, complex event processing, and deep learning models. The book then concludes by providing a holistic view of IoT security, cryptography, and shell security in addition to software-defined perimeters and blockchains.

Who is this book for?

This book is for architects, system designers, technologists, and technology managers who want to understand the IoT ecosphere, technologies, and trade-offs, and develop a 50,000-foot view of IoT architecture. An understanding of the architectural side of IoT is necessary.

What you will learn

  • Understand the role and scope of architecting a successful IoT deployment
  • Scan the landscape of IoT technologies, from sensors to the cloud and more
  • See the trade-offs in choices of protocols and communications in IoT deployments
  • Become familiar with the terminology needed to work in the IoT space
  • Broaden your skills in the multiple engineering domains necessary for the IoT architect
  • Implement best practices to ensure reliability, scalability, and security in your IoT infrastructure

Product Details

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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Mar 06, 2020
Length: 632 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781839218873
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Publication date : Mar 06, 2020
Length: 632 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781839218873
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
IoT and Edge Computing Definition and Use Cases Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
IoT Architecture and Core IoT Modules Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Sensors, Endpoints, and Power Systems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Communications and Information Theory Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Non-IP Based WPAN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
IP-Based WPAN and WLAN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Long-Range Communication Systems and Protocols (WAN) Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Edge Computing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Edge Routing and Networking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Edge to Cloud Protocols Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Cloud and Fog Topologies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Data Analytics and Machine Learning in the Cloud and Edge Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
IoT and Edge Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Consortiums and Communities Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.8
(19 Ratings)
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4 star 5.3%
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2 star 5.3%
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Sandra Lancheros Apr 15, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book gives a comprehensive view of the use cases, protocols and integrations for IoT and Edge. Gives any architect the perspective needed to implement a solution on IoT. I liked also that there is a chapter in which IoT is related to Machine Learning and Data Analytics. I have always thought that these technologies are closely related and I find useful see this relationship formally presented here.I appreciate the effort of the authors in giving perspective into the IoT and Edge world!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Stewart A. Skomra Apr 21, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The only clarification I recommend is that Perry Lea's "IoT and Edge Computing for Architects" applies to ALL architects whether information technology, business strategy, financial, and operational - the audience that can benefit from Mr. Lea's work is much larger than the book title may convey.If you prefer to catch yourself up and to be kept up on IoT, begin with and stay with Perry Lea.To command the incoming Silicon Tsunami (or at least survive being crushed by same), skip the industry analyst white papers, the hyperbolic hysteria fomented by headline craving journalists, and dispense with burning precious time viewing mind-numbing IoT acolytes espousing virtues of their automated obsolescence. Expect nothing of value to come from proclamations of special interest group initiatives as preordained IoT standards producing only Creativity-Crippling-Cookie-and-Coffee-Committees-in-Cramped-Coastal-Convention-Centers-Coddling-Complacency-Cloaked-in-Compatibility.Mr. Lea's prose is clean and his perspective objective. The reader knows they are in the grasp of a life-long learner gifted with agility to communicate myriad topics from myriad perspectives and to synthesize these consistent with an integral theme.The comprehensive breadth of this publication with its organic subject matter demands it remain evergreen being revisited by author and reader fitting nicely with Mr. Lea's blog.Well done Perry Lea!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
John R Leek Apr 08, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Perry Lea’s book, “The IoT and Edge Computing for Architects”, will take an indispensable position in my reference library. The breadth and depth the author explores makes it extremely valuable as an education tool and a reference for those architecting IoT solution.The book walks the reader through the detailed steps that must be followed to architect the best end-to-end solution for a particular business need. From selection of sensors aligned with power and communication requirements, to selection of appropriate data communications and choosing an edge processor to process the sensor signals and finally the connectivity to the cloud, the author walks us through the considerations at each step. For instance, the book highlights the consideration of latency into the decision to deploy programming logic whether in the cloud or at the edge. It also provides detailed information to help choose the correct communication medium to reach sensors, objects and actuators and take action.The IOT world requires multiple domains of engineering, analytics and other expertise. The book's explanation of requirements for each skillset and the collaboration required will make this a must read for any member of my organization's IoT project team.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Giacomo Oct 15, 2022
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Excellent resource. As someone indicated, there is a significant focus on the network details but given the topic, I think that's fair. Recommended for people who already have solid IT experience and want to understand more about IoT and Edge Computing.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
James Lai Dec 02, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I am a RF engineer and this books provides an overview on RF theory which is a surprise to me. It explains the theory clearly with the right amount of details. In with respect to IoT - I have not finished the whole book but sections of various chapters. I was able to jump around and get the information I know. Highly recommend!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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