It is very important to understand how to place the different reference frames you will use for your robot. First, you have to decide where the <joint> elements are located in the space. In our case, we have two: one for the right wheel and one for the left wheel. Let's look at the one for the right wheel first:
<joint name="joint_right_wheel" type="continuous">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel"/>
<origin xyz="0 -0.30 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<axis xyz="0 1 0" />
</joint>
Now, let's look at the one for the left wheel:
<joint name="joint_left_wheel" type="continuous">
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel"/>
...