The basics of functioning

The smart cards and the smart card readers, for example, are complex devices that are used everywhere nowadays, from our credit cards to our smartphones. The term smart card implies a set of technologies, including integrated circuits, microprocessors, memories, antennas, and so on, in the same integrated circuit, to form a microchip that is the heart of a smart card. On the other hand, the smart card readers are complex devices that can communicate with the cards and save data on it or return data to a computer.

Note

The reader can get more information regarding the smart card world by taking a look at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card.

The evolution of smart cards are the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) devices that can be used to identify people or objects in a contactless form, starting from a few centimeters to several meters. The RFID readers and the corresponding tags (or transponders) are high technology radio devices that can exchange data to...