JavaScript call stack

In JavaScript, function calls form a stack of frames. Consider the following example:

    function c(z2) { 
        console.log(new Error().stack); 
    } 
    function b(z1) { 
        c(z1+ 1); 
    } 
    function a(z) { 
        b(z + 1); 
    } 
    a(1);  
 
    //at c (eval at <anonymous>) 
    //at b (eval at <anonymous>) 
    //at a (eval at <anonymous>) 

When we call function a(), the first frame in the stack is created with arguments to the function and all local variables in the a()function. When function a() calls function b(), a second frame is created and pushed to the top of the stack. This goes on for all function calls. When the c()function returns, the top frame from the stack is popped out, leaving functions b() and a(); this goes on until the entire stack is empty. This is necessary to maintain because once the function finishes execution, JavaScript will need to know where to return.

Message queue

The JavaScript runtime contains...