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Node.js High Performance
Node.js High Performance

Node.js High Performance: Take your application to the next level of high performance using the extensive capabilities of Node.js

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Node.js High Performance

Chapter 2. Development Patterns

Developing is just great. It gives you a sense of freedom to create new things. This is true for almost every language—a freedom to create something in your own way. This means that there are good ways and not-so-good ways to do the same task. A developer, during the course of their life, will face different problems with similar solutions and will adopt patterns. For some problems, they will know the patterns they are using; for others, they will be using patterns that they probably don't even know.

Some patterns directly increase performance, and others do it indirectly because of an architecture pattern that is able to scale. Creating high-performance applications involves knowing every bit of running code, which results in knowing the patterns used across an application. Sometimes, they're unintentional. At other times, they are enforced because of the benefits of a specific pattern. Patterns are everywhere, from the creation...

What are patterns?

Patterns are not libraries or classes. They're concepts—reusable solutions to common programming problems, tested and optimized for specific use cases. As they're just concepts meant to solve specific problems, they have to be implemented in your language. Every pattern has its advantages and disadvantages, and choosing a wrong pattern for a problem can cause you a big headache.

Patterns can speed up the development process because they provide well-tested and well-proven development paradigms. Reusing patterns helps prevent issues and improves code readability between developers who are familiar with them.

Patterns have a lot of importance in high-performance applications. Sometimes, in order to achieve some flexibility, patterns introduce a new level of indirection in the code, which may reduce performance. You should choose when to introduce a pattern and know when that introduction will hurt the performance metric that you're targeting.

Knowing...

Node.js patterns

Because of the structure and API model of the Node.js platform, some patterns are more biased or natural. The most obvious are the event-driven and the event stream patterns. They're not enforced but strongly engrained in the core API, and you're forced to use it in some parts of your application, so it's better to know how they work individually, how they work together, and how you can benefit from them.

Using the core API, you can access the filesystem, for example, to read a file with a single method and a callback; or you can request a read stream and then check the data and end events or pipe the stream to somewhere else. This is very useful when, say, you don't want to look at the file and just want to serve it to a client. This architecture was designed to work for core modules such as http and net. Similarly, when listening for client connections, you'll have to listen for a connection event (unless you have defined a connection listener...

Types of patterns

Your application won't be using only the core API. In a complex application, you will be using a lot of other modules, some made by you and others that you simply downloaded. Patterns exist everywhere in your application. When you use a module and you need to create a different interface, you would be using the adapter pattern, a structural pattern. If you need to extend the module you just downloaded with a couple of functionality methods, you can use the decorator pattern, another structural pattern. When the downloaded module might need some complex information to initialize, you may want to use the Factory pattern, a creational pattern. If your application evolves and this initialization needs more flexibility, you'll be using the Builder pattern, another creational pattern. If your application accesses relational data, you might have to use the Active Record pattern. If you use some kind of software framework, you might be using the MVC pattern.

Many developers...

Event-driven architecture

Developing in Node.js is no different from other languages. You have some more or less native patterns, widely adopted and fully supported. One very common pattern is event-driven architecture. This pattern promotes production and consumption of events. This means that your code should be reactive to events instead of constantly trying to detect changes. Usually, many listeners can consume an event. There are some variations, such as having a way of stopping the event propagation or only allowing the first listener to consume the event, but normally all listeners will be able to consume all the events that they're listening to.

This pattern is very effective when you need to communicate inside your application in a one to many module of your code, as it gives you a very lose coupling. This is specifically interesting in service-oriented architecture (SOA) as it ensures your application components (your services) remain loosely coupled and can be upgraded over...

Optimizations

Using patterns improves your application, as you use well-proven and well-tested concepts that help developers to better understand and eventually improve your code. But improving your code doesn't end here. There is another type of pattern that varies from language to language, and we call it optimization.

An optimization is a pattern that is not specific to any problem but specific to a code structure. The idea is to change the code to be more efficient or to use less memory or other types of resources while doing the same thing. The goal of an optimization is not to get simpler code or to make it more readable. It can be bigger but still readable. Don't optimize for the sake of optimizing and reducing your code readability.

As Node.js uses the V8 engine as the language processor, we have to use V8-specific optimizations in the code. Some optimizations work across versions, others not so much and the effort of optimizing might be worthless. This is because V8 is...

What are patterns?


Patterns are not libraries or classes. They're concepts—reusable solutions to common programming problems, tested and optimized for specific use cases. As they're just concepts meant to solve specific problems, they have to be implemented in your language. Every pattern has its advantages and disadvantages, and choosing a wrong pattern for a problem can cause you a big headache.

Patterns can speed up the development process because they provide well-tested and well-proven development paradigms. Reusing patterns helps prevent issues and improves code readability between developers who are familiar with them.

Patterns have a lot of importance in high-performance applications. Sometimes, in order to achieve some flexibility, patterns introduce a new level of indirection in the code, which may reduce performance. You should choose when to introduce a pattern and know when that introduction will hurt the performance metric that you're targeting.

Knowing good patterns is essential...

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Description

Take your application to the next level of high performance using the extensive capabilities of Node.js About This Book Analyze, benchmark, and profile your Node.js application to find slow spots, and push it to the limit by eliminating performance bottlenecks Learn the basis of performance analysis using Node.js Explore the high performance capabilities of Node.js, along with best practices In Detail Node.js is a tool written in C, which allows you to use JavaScript on the server-side. High performance on a platform like Node.js is knowing how to take advantage of every aspect of your hardware, helping memory management act at its best, and correctly deciding how to architect a complex application. Do not panic if your applications start consuming a lot of memory; instead spot the leak and solve it fast with Node.js by monitoring and stopping it before it becomes an issue. This book will provide you with the skills you need to analyze the performance of your application and monitor the aspects that can and should be. Starting with performance analysis concepts and their importance in helping Node.js developers eliminate performance bottlenecks, this book will take you through development patterns to avoid performance penalties. You will learn the importance of garbage collection and its behaviour,and discover how to profile your processor, allowing better performance and scalability. You will then learn about the different types of data storage methods. Moving on, you will get to grips with testing and benchmarking applications to avoid unknown application test zones. Lastly, you will explore the limits that external components can impose in your application in the form of bottlenecks. By following the examples in each chapter, you will discover tips to getting better performing applications by avoiding anti-patterns and stretching the limits of your environment as much as possible. What You Will Learn Develop applications using well-defined and well-tested development patterns Explore memory management and garbage collection to improve performance Monitor memory changes and analyze heap snapshots Profile the CPU and improve your code to avoid patterns that force intensive processor usage Understand the importance of data and when you should cache information Learn to always test your code and benchmark when needed Extend your application’s scope and know what other elements can influence performance Who This Book Is For This book is for Node.js developers who want a more in-depth knowledge of the platform to improve the performance of their applications. Whether you have a base Node.js background or you are an expert who knows the garbage collector and wants to leverage it to make applications more robust, the examples in this book will benefit you. Style and approach This is a practical guide to learning high performance, which even the least experienced developer will comprehend. Small and simple examples help you test concepts yourself and easily adapt them to any application, boosting its performance and preparing it for the real-world.
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Length: 136 pages
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Table of Contents

8 Chapters
1. Introduction and Composition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Development Patterns Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Garbage Collection Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. CPU Profiling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Data and Cache Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Test, Benchmark, and Analyze Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Bottlenecks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.6
(5 Ratings)
5 star 60%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 20%
1 star 20%
Amazon Customer Jun 07, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
mind you - it's a very short read, full of info though.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Alexander Frenkel Dec 08, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I have been Node.js developer since v0.9 and seen it have evolved over time is facinating. There is allways something new to learn.Node.js High Performance is one of the most complete book you can find out there to setup your server for best possible scenario (lots of traffic). This book introduces you to All of the possible options and settings you can do in Node.JS (as of now, who knows what will the next version bring with it, but that we will read in another book)Node.js High Performance is really rasy to understand and follow (as most Packt books are). This book is a fantastic resource for a quick tune up of your Node.JS installation.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
ELIAS POLITAKIS Nov 17, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Mind blowing!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
SATPAL Apr 11, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 2
Not shown an examples. Most of the content is theorytical only
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Alex N Jan 11, 2017
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I want to be constructive but I've really been let down by this book, I really feel I deserve my money back :)The interesting part of the book (memory / CPU profiling) is really limited and doesn't really go deep with more complex examples and so on -- I feel it didn't really add anything to the online articles I have read on the subject, instead it was even less informative.The book is more of an overview of development practices for Node, from how to use NPM to using mocha to test your code, but lots of things that are mentioned around are really basic (turn on HTTPs, test your code, mocha has timeouts on tests to ensure they dont take long) -- I mean, I didnt expect to read about some of these things since they are really, really basic stuff that everyone should know.I would definitely discourage experienced developers from purchasing it, as it won't add much to your bag of knowledge. On the other side, if you just got started a few months ago or switched to node after other platforms I would say it has a lot of informative points and lists quite a few best practices, so it could be considered as a good reference on how to generally create "good" node apps.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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