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Learning YARN
Learning YARN

Learning YARN: Moving beyond MapReduce - learn resource management and big data processing using YARN

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Profile Icon Akhil Arora Profile Icon Shrey Mehrotra
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$48.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4 (2 Ratings)
Paperback Aug 2015 278 pages 1st Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Akhil Arora Profile Icon Shrey Mehrotra
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$48.99
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4 (2 Ratings)
Paperback Aug 2015 278 pages 1st Edition
eBook
$35.98 $39.99
Paperback
$48.99
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Free Trial
Renews at $19.99p/m
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$48.99
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Learning YARN

Chapter 1. Starting with YARN Basics

In early 2006, Apache Hadoop was introduced as a framework for the distributed processing of large datasets stored across clusters of computers, using a programming model. Hadoop was developed as a solution to handle big data in a cost effective and easiest way possible. Hadoop consisted of a storage layer, that is, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and the MapReduce framework for managing resource utilization and job execution on a cluster. With the ability to deliver high performance parallel data analysis and to work with commodity hardware, Hadoop is used for big data analysis and batch processing of historical data through MapReduce programming.

With the exponential increase in the usage of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn and e-commerce sites such as Amazon, there was the need of a framework to support not only MapReduce batch processing, but real-time and interactive data analysis as well. Enterprises should be able to execute other applications over the cluster to ensure that cluster capabilities are utilized to the fullest. The data storage framework of Hadoop was able to counter the growing data size, but resource management became a bottleneck. The resource management framework for Hadoop needed a new design to solve the growing needs of big data.

YARN, an acronym for Yet Another Resource Negotiator, has been introduced as a second-generation resource management framework for Hadoop. YARN is added as a subproject of Apache Hadoop. With MapReduce focusing only on batch processing, YARN is designed to provide a generic processing platform for data stored across a cluster and a robust cluster resource management framework.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Introduction to MapReduce v1
  • Shortcomings of MapReduce v1
  • An overview of the YARN components
  • The YARN architecture
  • How YARN satisfies big data needs
  • Projects powered by YARN

Introduction to MapReduce v1

MapReduce is a software framework used to write applications that simultaneously process vast amounts of data on large clusters of commodity hardware in a reliable, fault-tolerant manner. It is a batch-oriented model where a large amount of data is stored in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and the computation on data is performed as MapReduce phases. The basic principle for the MapReduce framework is to move computed data rather than move data over the network for computation. The MapReduce tasks are scheduled to run on the same physical nodes on which data resides. This significantly reduces the network traffic and keeps most of the I/O on the local disk or within the same rack.

The high-level architecture of the MapReduce framework has three main modules:

  • MapReduce API: This is the end-user API used for programming the MapReduce jobs to be executed on the HDFS data.
  • MapReduce framework: This is the runtime implementation of various phases in a MapReduce job such as the map, sort/shuffle/merge aggregation, and reduce phases.
  • MapReduce system: This is the backend infrastructure required to run the user's MapReduce application, manage cluster resources, schedule thousands of concurrent jobs, and so on.

The MapReduce system consists of two components—JobTracker and TaskTracker.

  • JobTracker is the master daemon within Hadoop that is responsible for resource management, job scheduling, and management. The responsibilities are as follows:
    • Hadoop clients communicate with the JobTracker to submit or kill jobs and poll for jobs' progress
    • JobTracker validates the client request and if validated, then it allocates the TaskTracker nodes for map-reduce tasks execution
    • JobTracker monitors TaskTracker nodes and their resource utilization, that is, how many tasks are currently running, the count of map-reduce task slots available, decides whether the TaskTracker node needs to be marked as blacklisted node, and so on
    • JobTracker monitors the progress of jobs and if a job/task fails, it automatically reinitializes the job/task on a different TaskTracker node
    • JobTracker also keeps the history of the jobs executed on the cluster
  • TaskTracker is a per node daemon responsible for the execution of map-reduce tasks. A TaskTracker node is configured to accept a number of map-reduce tasks from the JobTracker, that is, the total map-reduce tasks a TaskTracker can execute simultaneously. The responsibilities are as follows:
    • TaskTracker initializes a new JVM process to perform the MapReduce logic. Running a task on a separate JVM ensures that the task failure does not harm the health of the TaskTracker daemon.
    • TaskTracker monitors these JVM processes and updates the task progress to the JobTracker on regular intervals.
    • TaskTracker also sends a heartbeat signal and its current resource utilization metric (available task slots) to the JobTracker every few minutes.
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Description

Today enterprises generate huge volumes of data. In order to provide effective services and to make smarter and more intelligent decisions from these huge volumes of data, enterprises use big-data analytics. In recent years, Hadoop has been used for massive data storage and efficient distributed processing of data. The Yet Another Resource Negotiator (YARN) framework solves the design problems related to resource management faced by the Hadoop 1.x framework by providing a more scalable, efficient, flexible, and highly available resource management framework for distributed data processing. This book starts with an overview of the YARN features and explains how YARN provides a business solution for growing big data needs. You will learn to provision and manage single, as well as multi-node, Hadoop-YARN clusters in the easiest way. You will walk through the YARN administration, life cycle management, application execution, REST APIs, schedulers, security framework and so on. You will gain insights about the YARN components and features such as ResourceManager, NodeManager, ApplicationMaster, Container, Timeline Server, High Availability, Resource Localisation and so on. The book explains Hadoop-YARN commands and the configurations of components and explores topics such as High Availability, Resource Localization and Log aggregation. You will then be ready to develop your own ApplicationMaster and execute it over a Hadoop-YARN cluster. Towards the end of the book, you will learn about the security architecture and integration of YARN with big data technologies like Spark and Storm. This book promises conceptual as well as practical knowledge of resource management using YARN.

Who is this book for?

This book is intended for those who want to understand what YARN is and how to efficiently use it for the resource management of large clusters. For cluster administrators, this book gives a detailed explanation of provisioning and managing YARN clusters. If you are a Java developer or an open source contributor, this book will help you to drill down the YARN architecture, write your own YARN applications and understand the application execution phases. This book will also help big data engineers explore YARN integration with real-time analytics technologies such as Spark and Storm.

What you will learn

  • Explore YARN features and offerings
  • Manage big data clusters efficiently using the YARN framework
  • Create single as well as multinode HadoopYARN clusters on Linux machines
  • Understand YARN components and their administration
  • Gain insights into application execution flow over a YARN cluster
  • Write your own distributed application and execute it over YARN cluster
  • Work with schedulers and queues for efficient scheduling of applications
  • Integrate big data projects like Spark and Storm with YARN
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Publication date : Aug 28, 2015
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784393960
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Publication date : Aug 28, 2015
Length: 278 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784393960
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Starting with YARN Basics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Setting up a Hadoop-YARN Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Administering a Hadoop-YARN Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Executing Applications Using YARN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Understanding YARN Life Cycle Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Migrating from MRv1 to MRv2 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Writing Your Own YARN Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Dive Deep into YARN Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Exploring YARN REST Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Scheduling YARN Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Enabling Security in YARN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Real-time Data Analytics Using YARN Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(2 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 0%
3 star 50%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Xiao Zhang Sep 16, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm one of the technical reviewers of this book. The book is written in a very simple language and very easy to understand. Even you do not know anything about Big Data, Hadoop and Yarn, you will find this book very easy to follow and you will be surprised how much you can learn after reading the book. This book also has very rich content of technical details and sample code. It is very useful for technical practitioners who want to write their own YARN applications. It also has the latest information on YARN integration with Spark and Storm for real-time analytics.This book goes great with another YARN book I reviewed – YARN Essentials . Compared to YARN Essentials, this book has more hands on technical details. But the author did a very good job of explaining the concepts at the beginning of each chapter before going into technical details. You will have a comprehensive understanding of the YARN architecture and also be able to do hands on develop&admin work.I am specifically enjoy the chapter related to YARN integration with Spark and Storm. Hadoop is known for its batch processing power. With the new features such as YARN, Spark, Storm available in Hadoop 2.0, we will be able to solve our challenges related to real-time analytics, which is critical for businesses to be successful in this Big Data era.I'm happy having gotten the opportunity to work on this book and I'm very well pleased with the result. I believe this book is a great asset to any people who are interested in YARN!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
K Hu Mar 08, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
This book is simplified version of online doc. It is a thin book and took me 2 days to read through it, definitely doesn't worth 50+ bucks. 0 depth.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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