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Unity 2018 By Example
Unity 2018 By Example

Unity 2018 By Example: Learn about game and virtual reality development by creating five engaging projects , Second Edition

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Unity 2018 By Example

Chapter 2. Creating a Collection Game

This chapter continues from the previous one by building a collection game with Unity. In this game, the player wanders an environment in first-person mode, searching for and collecting all the coins in a scene before a global timer expires. If all coins are collected before timer expiry, the game is won. However, if the timer expires before all coins are collected, the game is lost. The project created so far features a complete environment, with a floor, props, and water, and it also features a first-person controller along with a basic coin object, which looks correct in shape and form but still cannot be collected.

This chapter completes the project by creating a coin object to collect and adding a timer system to determine whether the total game time has elapsed. In essence, this chapter is about defining a system of logic and rules governing the game. To achieve this, we'll need to code in C# and so this chapter requires a basic...

Creating a coin material

The previous chapter closed by creating a basic coin object from a non-uniformly scaled cylinder primitive. This object was created by selecting GameObject | 3D Object | Cylinder from the application menu. See Figure 2.1. The coin object, as a concept, represents a basic or fundamental unit in our game logic because the player character should be actively searching the level looking for coins to collect before a timer runs out. This means that the coin is more than mere appearance; its purpose in the game is not simply eye candy, but is functional. It makes an immense difference to the game outcome whether the coin is collected by the player or not. Therefore, the coin object, as it stands, is lacking in two important respects. Firstly, it looks dull and grey—it doesn't really stand out and grab the player's attention. Secondly, the coin cannot actually be collected yet. Certainly, the player can walk into the coin, but nothing appropriate happens...

C# scripting in Unity

Defining game logic, rules, and behavior often requires scripting. Specifically, to transform a static and lifeless scene with objects into an environment that does something, a developer needs to code behaviors. It requires someone to define how things should act and react under specific conditions. The coin collection game is no exception to this. In particular, it requires three main features:

  • To know when the player collects a coin
  • To keep track of how many coins are collected during gameplay
  • To determine whether a timer has expired

There's no default out-of-the-box functionality included with Unity to handle this scenario. So we must write some code to achieve it. Unity supports two languages, namely, UnityScript (sometimes called JavaScript) and C#. Both are capable and useful languages, but this book uses C# because, going forward, support for JavaScript will eventually be dropped. Let's start coding these three features in sequence. To create a new script...

Counting coins

The coin collection game wouldn't really be much of a game if there were only one coin. The central idea is that a level should feature many coins, all of which the player should collect before a timer expires. Now, to know whether all coins have been collected, we'll need to know how many coins there are in total in the scene. After all, if we don't know how many coins there are, then we can't know if we've collected them all. So, our first task in scripting is to configure the Coin class so that we can know the total number of coins in the scene at any moment easily. Consider Code Sample 2.3, which adapts the Coin class to achieve this:

//-------------------------
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//-------------------------
public class Coin : MonoBehaviour 
{
  //-------------------------
  //Keeps track of total coin count in scene
  public static int CoinCount = 0;
  //-------------------------
  // Use this for initialization
  void...

Collecting coins

Previously, we developed a coin counting variable telling us how many coins are in the scene. However, regardless of the count, the player still can't collect the coins during gameplay. Let's fix this now. To start, we need to think about collisions. Thinking carefully, we know that a coin is considered collected whenever the player walks into it, that is, a coin is collected when the player and the coin intersect or collide.

To determine when a collision happens like that, we must approximate the volume of both the player and coin in order to determine when the two volumes overlap in space. This is achieved in Unity through colliders. Colliders are special physics objects attached to meshes. They tell us when two meshes intersect. The FPSController object (First-person controller) already has a collider on it, through its Character Controller component. This approximates the physical body of a generic person. This can be confirmed by selecting FPSController in...

Coins and prefabs

The basic coin functionality is now created, but the scene needs more than one coin. The problem with simply duplicating a coin and scattering the duplicates is that if we make a change later to one coin and need to propagate that change to all other coins, we'd need to delete the former duplicates and manually replace those with newer and amended duplicates. To avoid this tedious repetition, we can use prefabs. Prefabs let you convert an object in the scene to Assets in the Project panel. This can be instantiated in the scene as frequently as needed, as though it were a mesh asset. The advantage is that changes made to the asset are automatically applied to all instances automatically, even across multiple scenes.

This makes it easier to work with custom assets, so let's prefab the coin right now. To do this, select the Coin object in the scene and then drag and drop it in the Project panel. When this happens, a new prefab is created. The object in the scene...

Timers and countdowns

You should now have a level complete with geometry and coin objects. Thanks to our newly added Coin.cs script, the coins are both countable and collectible. Even so, the level still poses little or no challenge to the player because there's no way the level can be won or lost. Specifically, there's nothing for the player to achieve. This is why a time limit is important for the game: it defines a win and loss condition. Namely, collecting all coins before the timer expires results in a win condition and failing to achieve this results in a loss condition. Let's get started at creating a timer countdown for the level. To do this, create a new and empty game object by selecting GameObject | Create Empty and rename this LevelTimer. See Figure 2.25:

Timers and countdowns

Figure 2.25: Renaming the timer object

Note

Remember that empty game objects cannot be seen by the player because they have no mesh renderer component. They are especially useful to create functionality and behaviors...

Celebrations and fireworks!

The coin collection game is nearly finished. Coins can be collected and a timer expires, but the win condition itself is not truly handled. That is, when all coins are collected before time expiry, nothing actually happens to show the player that they've won. The countdown still proceeds and even restarts the level as though the win condition hadn't been satisfied at all. Let's fix this now. Specifically, when the win scenario happens, we should delete the timer object to prevent further countdown and show visual feedback to signify that the level has been completed. In this case, I'll add some fireworks! So, let's start by creating the fireworks. You can add these easily from the Unity Particle System packages. Navigate to the Standard Assets | ParticleSystems | Prefabs folder. Then, drag and drop the Fireworks particle system in Scene.

Add a second or even a third one if you want:

Celebrations and fireworks!

Figure 2.29: Adding two Fireworks prefabs

By default,...

Creating a coin material


The previous chapter closed by creating a basic coin object from a non-uniformly scaled cylinder primitive. This object was created by selecting GameObject | 3D Object | Cylinder from the application menu. See Figure 2.1. The coin object, as a concept, represents a basic or fundamental unit in our game logic because the player character should be actively searching the level looking for coins to collect before a timer runs out. This means that the coin is more than mere appearance; its purpose in the game is not simply eye candy, but is functional. It makes an immense difference to the game outcome whether the coin is collected by the player or not. Therefore, the coin object, as it stands, is lacking in two important respects. Firstly, it looks dull and grey—it doesn't really stand out and grab the player's attention. Secondly, the coin cannot actually be collected yet. Certainly, the player can walk into the coin, but nothing appropriate happens in response:

Figure...

C# scripting in Unity


Defining game logic, rules, and behavior often requires scripting. Specifically, to transform a static and lifeless scene with objects into an environment that does something, a developer needs to code behaviors. It requires someone to define how things should act and react under specific conditions. The coin collection game is no exception to this. In particular, it requires three main features:

  • To know when the player collects a coin

  • To keep track of how many coins are collected during gameplay

  • To determine whether a timer has expired

There's no default out-of-the-box functionality included with Unity to handle this scenario. So we must write some code to achieve it. Unity supports two languages, namely, UnityScript (sometimes called JavaScript) and C#. Both are capable and useful languages, but this book uses C# because, going forward, support for JavaScript will eventually be dropped. Let's start coding these three features in sequence. To create a new script file,...

Counting coins


The coin collection game wouldn't really be much of a game if there were only one coin. The central idea is that a level should feature many coins, all of which the player should collect before a timer expires. Now, to know whether all coins have been collected, we'll need to know how many coins there are in total in the scene. After all, if we don't know how many coins there are, then we can't know if we've collected them all. So, our first task in scripting is to configure the Coin class so that we can know the total number of coins in the scene at any moment easily. Consider Code Sample 2.3, which adapts the Coin class to achieve this:

//-------------------------
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
//-------------------------
public class Coin : MonoBehaviour 
{
  //-------------------------
  //Keeps track of total coin count in scene
  public static int CoinCount = 0;
  //-------------------------
  // Use this for initialization
  void Start () 
{
    //Object...

Collecting coins


Previously, we developed a coin counting variable telling us how many coins are in the scene. However, regardless of the count, the player still can't collect the coins during gameplay. Let's fix this now. To start, we need to think about collisions. Thinking carefully, we know that a coin is considered collected whenever the player walks into it, that is, a coin is collected when the player and the coin intersect or collide.

To determine when a collision happens like that, we must approximate the volume of both the player and coin in order to determine when the two volumes overlap in space. This is achieved in Unity through colliders. Colliders are special physics objects attached to meshes. They tell us when two meshes intersect. The FPSController object (First-person controller) already has a collider on it, through its Character Controller component. This approximates the physical body of a generic person. This can be confirmed by selecting FPSController in the Scene...

Coins and prefabs


The basic coin functionality is now created, but the scene needs more than one coin. The problem with simply duplicating a coin and scattering the duplicates is that if we make a change later to one coin and need to propagate that change to all other coins, we'd need to delete the former duplicates and manually replace those with newer and amended duplicates. To avoid this tedious repetition, we can use prefabs. Prefabs let you convert an object in the scene to Assets in the Project panel. This can be instantiated in the scene as frequently as needed, as though it were a mesh asset. The advantage is that changes made to the asset are automatically applied to all instances automatically, even across multiple scenes.

This makes it easier to work with custom assets, so let's prefab the coin right now. To do this, select the Coin object in the scene and then drag and drop it in the Project panel. When this happens, a new prefab is created. The object in the scene is automatically...

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Key benefits

  • Create five different types of games from scratch with Unity 2018
  • Import custom content into Unity from third-party tools such as Maya and Blender
  • Learn to build NPCs with artificial intelligent behavior.

Description

Unity is the most exciting and popular engine used for developing games. With its 2018 release, Unity has become the primary source of both game development and virtual reality content. In Unity 2018 By Example, you’ll learn how to use Unity in order to make amazing games from popular genres - from action shooters to mind-bending puzzle games to adventure and Virtual Reality (VR) games. Even if you have no previous experience of using Unity, this book will help you understand the toolsets it provides in depth. In addition to this, you'll understand how to create time-critical collection games, twin-stick space shooters, platformers, and action-fest games with intelligent enemies. Finally, you'll get to grips with creating VR games with the new toolsets introduced by Unity to help you develop amazing VR experiences. To make things easier, you will be provided with step-by-step tutorials for making five great games in Unity 2018, along with a detailed explanation of all the fundamental concepts. By the end of this book, you’ll have established a strong foundation in making games with Unity 2018.

Who is this book for?

You don't need to have any previous experience with Unity to enjoy Unity 2018 By Example, although you need to have basic knowledge of C#.

What you will learn

  • Understand core Unity concepts, such as game objects, components, and scenes
  • Study level-design techniques for building immersive and interesting worlds
  • Make functional games with C# scripting
  • Use the toolset creatively to build games with different themes and styles
  • Handle player controls and input functionality
  • Work with terrains and world-creation tools
  • Get to grips with making both 2D and 3D games
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Length: 484 pages
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Unity Fundamentals Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Creating a Collection Game Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Creating a Space Shooter Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Continuing the Space Shooter Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Creating a 2D Adventure Game Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Continuing the 2D Adventure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Creating Artificial Intelligence Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Continuing with Intelligent Enemies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Entering Virtual Reality Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Completing the VR Game Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Test Your Knowledge Answers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
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5 star 50%
4 star 0%
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1 star 50%
RhoneRanger Oct 23, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a book that all beginners to Unity MUST HAVE. This book takes the concepts of Unity development, spoon feeds the user what he / she needs to know, and builds up each chapter based on the last. You will learn very quickly how to design, program, and thoroughly enjoy Unity game development. Especially useful are the ends of each section that "test" what has been learned. The game examples are fantastic, and the final chapters delve into some very advanced topics.
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ElBurp Nov 21, 2019
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
I never got past the first chapter, where I was to import "assets" it didn't work. After repeated emails, I finally got an email from the author, with cryptic instructions that didn't work. Why not put a chapter on setting up the environment before getting into the other stuff. The authors response seemed to assume I had some experience with this tool, which I don't.So far a big waste of money.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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