You're reading from Python Machine Learning, Second Edition Machine Learning and Deep Learning with Python, scikit-learn, and TensorFlow

Product type Paperback

Published in Sep 2017

Publisher Packt

ISBN-13 9781787125933

Length 622 pages

Edition 2nd Edition

Languages

Python

Tools

Scikit-learn

Concepts

Deep Learning

Authors (2):

Vahid Mirjalili

Sebastian Raschka

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Table of Contents (18) Chapters

Preface

1. Giving Computers the Ability to Learn from Data FREE CHAPTER

2. Training Simple Machine Learning Algorithms for Classification

3. A Tour of Machine Learning Classifiers Using scikit-learn

4. Building Good Training Sets – Data Preprocessing

5. Compressing Data via Dimensionality Reduction

6. Learning Best Practices for Model Evaluation and Hyperparameter Tuning

7. Combining Different Models for Ensemble Learning

8. Applying Machine Learning to Sentiment Analysis

9. Embedding a Machine Learning Model into a Web Application

10. Predicting Continuous Target Variables with Regression Analysis

11. Working with Unlabeled Data – Clustering Analysis

12. Implementing a Multilayer Artificial Neural Network from Scratch

13. Parallelizing Neural Network Training with TensorFlow

14. Going Deeper – The Mechanics of TensorFlow

15. Classifying Images with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

16. Modeling Sequential Data Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Index

About the convergence in neural networks

You might be wondering why we did not use regular gradient descent but instead used mini-batch learning to train our neural network for the handwritten digit classification. You may recall our discussion on stochastic gradient descent that we used to implement online learning. In online learning, we compute the gradient based on a single training example (k = 1) at a time to perform the weight update. Although this is a stochastic approach, it often leads to very accurate solutions with a much faster convergence than regular gradient descent. Mini-batch learning is a special form of stochastic gradient descent where we compute the gradient based on a subset k of the n training samples with 1 < k < n. Mini-batch learning has the advantage over online learning that we can make use of our vectorized implementations to improve computational efficiency. However, we can update the weights much faster than in regular gradient descent. Intuitively...