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Deployment with Docker
Deployment with Docker

Deployment with Docker: Apply continuous integration models, deploy applications quicker, and scale at large by putting Docker to work

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Deployment with Docker

Rolling Up the Sleeves

In the previous chapter, we looked at what containers are, what role they can fill in your infrastructure, and why Docker is the one leading the pack in service deployments. Now that we know what Docker is and isn't, we can get started with the basics. In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

  • Installing Docker
  • Extending a container
  • Building a container
  • Debugging containers

Installing Docker

The installation of Docker varies greatly between operating systems, but for most systems, there are detailed instructions at https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/. Two levels of Docker are generally available: the Community Edition (CE) and the Enterprise Edition (EE). While slightly different, for almost everything that we will work on in this book, the Community Edition is perfectly functional and will suffice in every way. Once you reach levels of scale where you need much more advanced features, such as security scans, LDAP, and technical support, the Enterprise Edition might make sense. As would be expected, the Enterprise Edition is not free, and you can take a look at https://www.docker.com/pricing to see how these editions differ.

For our examples and any OS-specific commands in this book, from here on, we will be using Ubuntu's Long...

Debugging containers

Often in general work with containers, you will likely have to figure out what is going on with a container that is running, but docker ps is not good enough to provide you with all the information you need to figure things out. For these cases, the first command to use is docker logs. This command displays any output that the container has emitted, including both stdout and stderr streams. For the following logs, I started the same NGINX container from before and accessed its hosted page on localhost:

$ docker run -d \
-p 8080:80 \
nginx

06ebb46f64817329d360bb897bda824f932b9bcf380ed871709c2033af069118

$ # Access the page http://localhost:8080 with your browser

$ docker logs 06ebb46f
172.17.0.1 - - [02/Aug/2017:01:39:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; rv:36.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox...

Our first Dockerfile

Now that we know a little bit about how to get around containers, this is a good place to try out creating our own container. To start building a container, the first thing that we need to know is that the default filename that Docker looks for when building images is Dockerfile. While you can use different names for this main configuration file, it is highly discouraged though in some rare cases, you might not be able to avoid it - if, for example, you need a test suite image and the main image build files in the same folder. For now, we will assume you just have a single build configuration, and with that in mind, how about we see what one of these basic Dockerfile looks like. Create a test folder somewhere on your filesystem and put this into a file named Dockerfile:

FROM ubuntu:latest

RUN apt-get update -q && \
apt-get install -qy iputils...

A container more practical

This is probably where we start diverging from other Docker materials out there that practically assume that with just this basic knowledge, the rest of the work is a cakewalk when it is really nothing like that. It is not rocket science, but these simple examples really do not do enough to get us where we need to be, so we will use a practical example based a bit on our previous work with NGINX and create a container that uses this web server image to provide and serve up content that we will bake into the image.

This example and all the other ones in this book are also available on GitHub at https://github.com/sgnn7/deploying_with_docker. You can use either git or their web interface to follow along with the examples, but all examples of code that we will use will be directly included in the book too.

To begin creating our web server, we need...

Service from scratch

Our last example was decently comprehensive but it left out some important Docker commands that we should also know, so we will use another example, albeit reworking the web server solution in a slightly less optimal way, to both show them used and to explain what they do. In the process, we will go a bit deeper and see whether we can make as many parts of the service on our own.

We will start this example with creating a clean directory and creating the same test file we used earlier:

$ mkdir ~/python_webserver
$ cd ~/python_webserver

$ echo "Just a test file" > test.txt

Now we will create our bit-more-complex Python-based web server container by putting the following content in the Dockerfile:

FROM python:3

# Add some labels for cache busting and annotating
LABEL version="1.0"
LABEL org.sgnn7.name="python-webserver"

...

Installing Docker


The installation of Docker varies greatly between operating systems, but for most systems, there are detailed instructions at https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/. Two levels of Docker are generally available: the Community Edition (CE) and the Enterprise Edition (EE). While slightly different, for almost everything that we will work on in this book, the Community Edition is perfectly functional and will suffice in every way. Once you reach levels of scale where you need much more advanced features, such as security scans, LDAP, and technical support, the Enterprise Edition might make sense. As would be expected, the Enterprise Edition is not free, and you can take a look at https://www.docker.com/pricing to see how these editions differ.

For our examples and any OS-specific commands in this book, from here on, we will be using Ubuntu's Long Term Support (LTS) version, with Ubuntu being currently the most popular Linux distribution. The latest version of the LTS...

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Key benefits

  • - Use Docker containers, horizontal node scaling, modern orchestration tools (Docker Swarm, Kubernetes, and Mesos) and Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery to manage your infrastructure.
  • - Increase service density by turning often-idle machines into hosts for numerous Docker services.
  • - Learn what it takes to build a true container infrastructure that is scalable, reliable, and resilient in the face of increased complexities from using container infrastructures.
  • - Find out how to identify, debug, and mitigate most real-world, undocumented issues when deploying your own Docker infrastructure.
  • - Learn tips and tricks of the trade from existing Docker infrastructures running in production environments.

Description

Deploying Docker into production is considered to be one of the major pain points in developing large-scale infrastructures, and the documentation available online leaves a lot to be desired. With this book, you will learn everything you wanted to know to effectively scale your deployments globally and build a resilient, scalable, and containerized cloud platform for your own use. The book starts by introducing you to the containerization ecosystem with some concrete and easy-to-digest examples; after that, you will delve into examples of launching multiple instances of the same container. From there, you will cover orchestration, multi-node setups, volumes, and almost every relevant component of this new approach to deploying services. Using intertwined approaches, the book will cover battle-tested tooling, or issues likely to be encountered in real-world scenarios, in detail. You will also learn about the other supporting components required for a true PaaS deployment and discover common options to tie the whole infrastructure together. At the end of the book, you learn to build a small, but functional, PaaS (to appreciate the power of the containerized service approach) and continue to explore real-world approaches to implementing even larger global-scale services.

Who is this book for?

This book is aimed at system administrators, developers, DevOps engineers, and software engineers who want to get concrete, hands-on experience deploying multi-tier web applications and containerized microservices using Docker. This book is also for anyone who has worked on deploying services in some fashion and wants to take their small-scale setups to the next level (or simply to learn more about the process).

What you will learn

  • • Set up a working development environment and create a simple web service to demonstrate the basics
  • •Learn how to make your service more usable by adding a database and an app server to process logic
  • •Add resilience to your services by learning how to horizontally scale with a few containers on a single node
  • •Master layering isolation and messaging to simplify and harden the connectivity between containers
  • •Learn about numerous issues encountered at scale and their workarounds, from the kernel up to code versioning
  • •Automate the most important parts of your infrastructure with continuous integration
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ISBN-13 : 9781786469007
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
Containers - Not Just Another Buzzword Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Rolling Up the Sleeves Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Service Decomposition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Scaling the Containers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Keeping the Data Persistent Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Deployment Topics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Limits of Scaling and the Workarounds Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Our Own Platform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exploring the Largest-Scale Deployments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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1 star 0%
Rick S Jun 30, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
THE AUTHOR does a good job of explaining in a way that people who aren't familiar with Docker can still understand. He also HAS a very strong grasp of what he's explaining. Some of the BAD security procedures that he explains how to sidestep are very easy to fall in to without guidance. If the AIM of this book is to bridge from beginner to expert, then the author did a great job. Five stars!
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