Learning about p-value and alpha

Let’s talk about the results of an analysis and how those translate to accepting and rejecting hypotheses. First, it should be noted that many different analyses can be used in hypothesis testing, and a few might give their results in different terms. However, the majority of tests that are used for hypothesis testing produce something called a p-value. This value is either above or below a cutoff score, set by the alpha, and that determines which hypothesis you accept and which you reject. Let’s look at these topics in more detail.

p-value

A p-value is a number produced by many analyses used in hypothesis testing. A p-value can, theoretically, be any value between 0 and 1. This may sound like a small range, but with decimals, there is literally an infinite number of values between 0 and 1. If you get into the technical definition of the p-value, it gets needlessly complicated very quickly. You can think of the p-value as the probability...