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WildFly Performance Tuning
WildFly Performance Tuning

WildFly Performance Tuning: Develop high-performing server applications using the widely successful WildFly platform , Third Edition

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WildFly Performance Tuning

Chapter 2. Tools of the Tuning Trade

In order to practically and efficiently tune a system, you will need the support of some good tools that cover the different aspects of performance tuning. In this chapter, we will focus on the following:

  • The following key features of performance tuning:
    • Profiling
    • Monitoring
    • Load generation
  • Some theory behind these features
  • How the features are being implemented in a few well-known tools
  • Making sure that the tools and WildFly get along
  • Some common use cases that the tools provide support for

There are some great performance-tuning tools on the market from various different vendors, but as we're following the Open Source philosophy in this book, all the tools we will use here come from the open source ecosystem. If you use tools from vendors other than the ones mentioned here, don't worry! This is natural and is something that we as authors come across time and again when assisting various organizations. As long as your toolset is complete...

The key features of performance tuning

Some of the tools in the tuning area have started out with support for one thing or, perhaps, for a few things such as memory analysis or load testing. Over time, however, quite a few of them have evolved in their own right or with the aid of plugins to often have multiple functions. They also often cover several areas in the tuning field.

So, what kind of support do we expect from a set of tuning tools? When looking at the enterprise stack, it becomes clear that we need different types of tools depending on the different layers of the stack:

  • For the Java-based layers of the stack—the JVM, middleware, and application—you'll first and foremost need to perform performance and memory profiling.
  • For the network, hardware, and OS layers, you will mainly need to monitor various resources such as CPU, memory, and network throughput.
  • On top of these, you also need to be able to put the system and its various components under the defined levels...

Profiling

In general, profiling a software system involves analyzing the behavior and performance usage of resources that are involved, as the system executes. This analysis is most often performed to find points of optimization and for the removal of bottlenecks in the system. Profiling is also commonly, but not necessarily, performed under various levels of load on the system.

Profiling is a very powerful function for investigating and helping resolve suspected bottlenecks. Profiling can also be very complex, and the wrong interpretations may lead to disastrous results. It should, therefore, only be performed in stable environments, preferably, by staff that has shown an aptitude for it.

Profiling in production

Conducting profiling during software development and in the performance-tuning phase is quite normal. Then, you're normally confined to your personal development environment such as your desktop/laptop or some test environment where the effects that the actual profiling has on...

Profiling and sampling

In the Java universe, profiling technically involves instrumenting the Java bytecode in order to make accurate calculations of execution down to the method level. Instrumenting the Java bytecode is a time-consuming operation that is performed for all code in the JVM when profiling starts. The amount of instrumented bytecode can, however, be limited by defining what should be included or excluded, thereby speeding up the instrumentation time in profiling. Depending on tool support, theses definitions can be done on package, class, or method level. As the profiling terminates, the bytecode is normally restored.

Sampling is a kind of lightweight profiling. Instead of physically instrumenting the Java bytecode as done in profiling, sampling relies on analyzing the stack traces and thread dumps that are taken at regular time intervals. These intervals can be defined, for example to 10 per second.

So, what approach should you use? As always, the answer is that it depends...

VisualVM

A very useful and free JVM profiler is VisualVM. At the time of writing this book, this tool normally comes bundled when you download and install the Java Development Kit (JDK) from the Oracle Java site (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase). In this distribution, the tool is located in $JAVA_HOME/bin and named jvisualvm.sh (for UNIX-based environments) or jvisualvm.bat (for Windows).

As an alternative, you can download it from its own site (http://visualvm.java.net). This is where you'll find the unbranded bleeding-edge version.

The core of VisualVM is shared by the NetBeans IDE (https://netbeans.org). So, if you use the NetBeans profiler, you'll be using a lot of the functionality that is the same as those found in VisualVM, but with differentiating workflows. There's also a launcher plugin of VisualVM for the Eclipse IDE (http://eclipse.org) available at https://visualvm.java.net/eclipse-launcher.html.

All examples in this book are based on the current...

Monitoring

Keeping track of how your system reacts to different types of influences is imperative when you're testing it, tuning it, and over time in production. The measured values are extremely useful for both technical and business trend analysis as well as for comparing the performance between releases. When done correctly, these trends and comparisons can save your organization a lot of headache and enable it to quickly predict and adapt to upcoming problems.

There are explicit tools that monitor specific features and services, and there are others that give a more collective view of system health and performance. As we have seen, tools such as VisualVM can provide us with a multitude of information from various layers in the enterprise stack. It will give you the basic information about the hardware in terms of CPU usage, and as expected, it will provide a lot of information about the JVM as well as the middleware and the execution of inherent applications within the JVM.

A system...

The key features of performance tuning


Some of the tools in the tuning area have started out with support for one thing or, perhaps, for a few things such as memory analysis or load testing. Over time, however, quite a few of them have evolved in their own right or with the aid of plugins to often have multiple functions. They also often cover several areas in the tuning field.

So, what kind of support do we expect from a set of tuning tools? When looking at the enterprise stack, it becomes clear that we need different types of tools depending on the different layers of the stack:

  • For the Java-based layers of the stack—the JVM, middleware, and application—you'll first and foremost need to perform performance and memory profiling.

  • For the network, hardware, and OS layers, you will mainly need to monitor various resources such as CPU, memory, and network throughput.

  • On top of these, you also need to be able to put the system and its various components under the defined levels of stress or load...

Profiling


In general, profiling a software system involves analyzing the behavior and performance usage of resources that are involved, as the system executes. This analysis is most often performed to find points of optimization and for the removal of bottlenecks in the system. Profiling is also commonly, but not necessarily, performed under various levels of load on the system.

Profiling is a very powerful function for investigating and helping resolve suspected bottlenecks. Profiling can also be very complex, and the wrong interpretations may lead to disastrous results. It should, therefore, only be performed in stable environments, preferably, by staff that has shown an aptitude for it.

Profiling in production

Conducting profiling during software development and in the performance-tuning phase is quite normal. Then, you're normally confined to your personal development environment such as your desktop/laptop or some test environment where the effects that the actual profiling has on the...

Profiling and sampling


In the Java universe, profiling technically involves instrumenting the Java bytecode in order to make accurate calculations of execution down to the method level. Instrumenting the Java bytecode is a time-consuming operation that is performed for all code in the JVM when profiling starts. The amount of instrumented bytecode can, however, be limited by defining what should be included or excluded, thereby speeding up the instrumentation time in profiling. Depending on tool support, theses definitions can be done on package, class, or method level. As the profiling terminates, the bytecode is normally restored.

Sampling is a kind of lightweight profiling. Instead of physically instrumenting the Java bytecode as done in profiling, sampling relies on analyzing the stack traces and thread dumps that are taken at regular time intervals. These intervals can be defined, for example to 10 per second.

So, what approach should you use? As always, the answer is that it depends on...

VisualVM


A very useful and free JVM profiler is VisualVM. At the time of writing this book, this tool normally comes bundled when you download and install the Java Development Kit (JDK) from the Oracle Java site (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase). In this distribution, the tool is located in $JAVA_HOME/bin and named jvisualvm.sh (for UNIX-based environments) or jvisualvm.bat (for Windows).

As an alternative, you can download it from its own site (http://visualvm.java.net). This is where you'll find the unbranded bleeding-edge version.

The core of VisualVM is shared by the NetBeans IDE (https://netbeans.org). So, if you use the NetBeans profiler, you'll be using a lot of the functionality that is the same as those found in VisualVM, but with differentiating workflows. There's also a launcher plugin of VisualVM for the Eclipse IDE (http://eclipse.org) available at https://visualvm.java.net/eclipse-launcher.html.

All examples in this book are based on the current version, VisualVM...

Monitoring


Keeping track of how your system reacts to different types of influences is imperative when you're testing it, tuning it, and over time in production. The measured values are extremely useful for both technical and business trend analysis as well as for comparing the performance between releases. When done correctly, these trends and comparisons can save your organization a lot of headache and enable it to quickly predict and adapt to upcoming problems.

There are explicit tools that monitor specific features and services, and there are others that give a more collective view of system health and performance. As we have seen, tools such as VisualVM can provide us with a multitude of information from various layers in the enterprise stack. It will give you the basic information about the hardware in terms of CPU usage, and as expected, it will provide a lot of information about the JVM as well as the middleware and the execution of inherent applications within the JVM.

A system that...

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Description

Packed with practical examples, this book looks at a different aspect of performance tuning in each chapter and shows you how to apply them to their existing Java applications. Anyone with an interest in learning more and improving the performance of Java-based technology in general, all the way to WildFly in particular, will find this book useful.

What you will learn

  • Tune and monitor an OS, a JVM, and WildFly with components and applications
  • Make various tuning tools work with WildFly
  • Configure and tune the JVM by analyzing its behavior
  • Understand numerous best practices and howtos
  • Monitor and tune various JEE technologies within WildFly, such as EJBs, WebServices, and JSFbased applications
  • Know the insandouts for getting the most out of the platform, its components, and surrounding infrastructure
  • Discover how to tune a clustered WildFly environment
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. The Science of Performance Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Tools of the Tuning Trade Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Tuning the Java Virtual Machine Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Tuning WildFly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. EJB Tuning in WildFly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Tuning the Persistence Layer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Tuning the Web Container in WildFly Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Tuning Web Applications and Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. JMS and HornetQ Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. WildFly Clustering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.8
(6 Ratings)
5 star 16.7%
4 star 66.7%
3 star 0%
2 star 16.7%
1 star 0%
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Sergiy Pylypets Aug 04, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book surprised me in a positive way. While expecting to read a manual for WildFly configuration and tuning, I found the book to be also a useful guide for the performance tuning of Java EE applications and JVM itself. It covers relational databases, their design and optimization, JDBC, ORM technologies, like Hibernate and JPA, Servlets and JSP, JMS, SOAP and REST Web services, and some other technologies. The content is arranged in a consistent way. The first chapter contains an interesting discussion of performance tuning essentials, approaches and methodologies used for optimization. The second chapter refers tools and applications useful for tuning and monitoring different parts of Java EE systems. The third chapter provides information about JVM optimization for the most common use cases. The next chapters describe performance tuning of the WildFly server and its subsystems, like EJB, persistence layer, Web container, Web applications and services. The last chapter provides receipts for tuning WildFly clusters. The book language is clear and precise. The content includes numerous illustrations, like schemes, tables, and screenshots. Some chapters contain brief technical reminders to refresh knowledge of the technologies being discussed. All these features add value to the book. Also, there are some interesting historical reviews, like WildFly's history or The evolution of web frameworks. In general, I think that this book can be useful for any Software engineer, for anybody who is interested in the performance tuning of computer applications.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
M. Eisele Aug 05, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
The ContentBeside the title, the book is a more general resource for performance tuning around Java EE applications. Most of the chapters do not really rely on WildFly but give general hints about performance tuning essentials, approaches and methodologies used for optimization, like the first chapter. The second chapter covers tools for monitoring and tuning of various Java EE subsystems.Chapter three gives a introductory overview about general JVM tuning principles and applies to any JVM development. Beginning with chapter four it is going to be a bit closer to WildFly. EJBs are covered in chapter 5, JMS in chapter 9 and a general pattern here is to refer to Java EE concepts and apply the WildFly specific examples and extensions.Writing and StyleThe language is clear and precise. Additional illustrations, tables, and screenshots make it an easy and understandable read. Occasional basic information about Java EE components and concepts make it easy to follow for beginners, too.Conclusion and recommendationBeside the title who implies a very narrow focus, this is a book which can be a useful read for almost any Java EE developer out there. The explanations are good and helpful. If you ever had to deal with performance tuning you probably know most of those concepts but having them all in one place also makes this a perfect reference for the experienced developers.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Dustin Marx Jul 29, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Wildfly Performance Tuning presents concepts, tips, and suggestions related to performance of WildFly-hosted applications that include both Java EE standard performance ideas and ideas that are unique to tuning WildFly performance. Because WildFly is an implementation of Java EE, it's not surprising that some of the performance tuning concepts covered in this book are Java EE general and could be applied to other Java EE application servers as well."WildFly Performance Tuning" has ten chapters and the first, second, third chapters and sixth chapters have very little WildFly-specific detail in them. They are more general and mostly apply to other Java EE application servers as well. In some cases, they are even more general than Java EE, applying to Java SE and other languages in some cases. Chapter 3 is among the best introductory overviews I have seen of general JVM tuning principles in a single chapter and mostly applies to any JVM development (not limited to WildFly).Chapter 4 is a general WildFly tuning chapter and the remainder of the chapters focus on components/specifications of Java EE (and of WildFly). For example, Chapter 5 covers tuning EJBs on WildFly and Chapter 9 covers tuning JMS on WildFly. Most of these chapters provide WildFly-specific concepts and examples as well as Java EE-general concepts and examples.Packt Publishing provided me with a PDF version of this book that is the subject of this review, but I have received no compensation for the review.It was nice to have the color screen snapshots in the PDF version of this book. The code examples are well-formatted, but they do not have color coded syntax and do not include line numbers.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Allen Polo Nov 03, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Some tips but there are many performance issues that not get addressed, like tools that could be used, how to make a plan for performance improvement issues, how to attack based on a strategy.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Kindle Customer Sep 17, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This book focuses on the latest iteration of the JBoss JEE server, Wildfly. Like many performance books, it offers advice that applies to performance in general, JEE specifically, and a particular technology (Wildfly) especially.The first three chapters deal with methodology for performance tuning, tools of the trade (especially open source tools), and JVM tuning. The first chapter contains material that will be largely familiar to anyone who's done much tuning in the past, but is good for those who are new to tuning. The second chapter outlines tools that will probably be familiar to experienced tuners. There are some good tips here. The third chapter explains JVM tuning. Combined, these three chapters make for a good background for Java tuning.The next six chapters deal with Wildfly. They introduce the server in general, then specifically address EJBs, Persistence/JPA, Web Container (Undertow), Web Applications and Web Services (to include REST), and JMS. These chapters include some really good expert-level tips. If you are a user of Wildfly (or the product version, Red Hat's EAP) then these chapters alone will probably make the book a worthwhile purchase. There's some good advice here for users of other JEE servers, but the real value here is for JBoss users.The final chapter covers Wildfly clustering. If you use Wildfly (or the product equivalent, EAP) for production use, you will want to know about clustering.I thought the book was very strong from a technical standpoint. Users of Wildfly (future EAP) will be quite pleased with the solid advice provided.All things considered, I'd recommend this book for any Wildfly / EAP user. Users of other JEE servers (WebSphere, WebLogic) might consider it, but won't get the same bang for the buck. Users of JEE in general should benefit strongly from the first chapters, but the application-specific tips won't all fit.About 300 pages, this one is worth the money if this is your work area.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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