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Swift 3 New Features
Swift 3 New Features

Swift 3 New Features: Get up to date with what`s new in Swift 3

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Swift 3 New Features

Chapter 2. Discovering New Territories – Linux at Last!

Until recently, developing for Swift meant you needed a Mac, loaded with the Xcode IDE. However, all of that changed when Apple open sourced the Swift programming language in December 2015. A brave new world has been opened to us as developers, as Swift can now run on Linux! In addition, you now have access to preview releases and have direct access to the development trunk from which you can download development snapshots (for example, non-official prebuilt binaries of Swift).

This is going to be a packed chapter, and I want to highlight what we will cover. My goal is to show you where to find the latest Swift source for both Mac and Linux. I will also provide instruction on how to use toolchains and explain how the Swift package manager works. Last, we will develop our first program on Linux.

Downloading Swift

In order to get started working with Swift 3, you need to download either a prebuilt binary (also known as a toolchain) or the source code to build the Swift library yourself. The Swift.org (https://swift.org) website hosts a Download section https://swift.org/download/ that maintains a list of releases, previews and snapshots:

  • Release builds: Maintains links to the current release and older official releases of Swift.
  • Preview builds: Contains links to developer previews, also known as seeds or betas. These binaries are not considered final releases but do provide a fairly stable version of the work completed to that date for upcoming releases.
  • Developer snapshots - Are pre-built binaries from the development branch. These builds contain the latest development changes and have gone through automated unit testing but are not guaranteed to be stable. Snapshot builds are not put through the full testing process.

Note

Since learning to build the binary isn't critical...

Swift 3 on Mac

To get up and going on a Mac, you simply need to choose the type of Swift toolchain you want to develop against. You can choose a version from the Download section. Swift on a Mac is included with Xcode, making it really easy to get started. Swift 3 requires you to have macOS 10.11.5 (El Capitan) or later and Xcode 8. Let's walk through the steps together and install Swift 3 on a Mac.

  1. Download a toolchain - Grab the latest Swift 3 release or preview candidate from the downloads page on https://swift.org/. Xcode is created and maintained by Apple, selecting a release to download from https://swift.org/ will take you to Apple's downloads section on their developer portal.

    Note

    An Xcode toolchain is a special binary with a toolchain extension that includes Xcode and all of the tools and libraries that make up Swift (LLVM, LLDB, REPL, and other tools) all targeted at a specific Swift version. You can think of a toolchain as a bundled development environment that you...

Swift 3 on Linux

The Swift team currently supports installing Linux on Ubuntu 14.04 or 15.10 (64-bit). On Linux, Swift packages are distributed as tar archives. Each package includes the Swift compiler, the LLDB debugger, and tools related to doing development in Swift.

Note

If you don't have access to a Linux box, you can create a virtual machine using VirtualBox https://www.virtualbox.org and Vagrant https://www.vagrantup.com.

VirtualBox is a virtualization application that runs on multiple platforms and allows you to install another OS. You can download the latest version from https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads.

Vagrant is a configuration and provisioning package that allows you to install and configure a complete development environment. You can find instructions on how to install and configure a Linux box at this location https://www.vagrantup.com/

  1. We need to install our required dependencies. Run the following command:
    $ sudo apt-get install clang libicu-dev
    
    • clang : The...

Using the REPL

Once we have Swift installed, we can use the Swift REPL (Read Evaluate Print Loop) environment and give Swift a test run on Linux. The Swift REPL environment and LLDB debugger are tightly linked to the toolchain, which aids in Swift type inference, syntax, and expression evaluation. Basically, it makes the compiler, debugger, and REPL environment's jobs easier if there is only one version of Swift to worry about at a time. Let's start the REPL environment and execute a few commands to get familiar with the REPL environment's capabilities.

To start the Swift REPL, you type the swift command:

$ swift

As we add statements, the REPL environment is smart enough to only execute once you have completely entered a statement. We can create assignment statements, functions, or even entire classes.

At the REPL prompt, let's assign:

1> let oneMillion = 1_000_000 
oneMillion: Int = 1000000 
2> let twoMillion: Int = 2_000_000 
twoMillion: Int = 2000000 
3> oneMillion...

Downloading Swift


In order to get started working with Swift 3, you need to download either a prebuilt binary (also known as a toolchain) or the source code to build the Swift library yourself. The Swift.org (https://swift.org) website hosts a Download section https://swift.org/download/ that maintains a list of releases, previews and snapshots:

  • Release builds: Maintains links to the current release and older official releases of Swift.

  • Preview builds: Contains links to developer previews, also known as seeds or betas. These binaries are not considered final releases but do provide a fairly stable version of the work completed to that date for upcoming releases.

  • Developer snapshots - Are pre-built binaries from the development branch. These builds contain the latest development changes and have gone through automated unit testing but are not guaranteed to be stable. Snapshot builds are not put through the full testing process.

Note

Since learning to build the binary isn't critical to your...

Swift 3 on Mac


To get up and going on a Mac, you simply need to choose the type of Swift toolchain you want to develop against. You can choose a version from the Download section. Swift on a Mac is included with Xcode, making it really easy to get started. Swift 3 requires you to have macOS 10.11.5 (El Capitan) or later and Xcode 8. Let's walk through the steps together and install Swift 3 on a Mac.

  1. Download a toolchain - Grab the latest Swift 3 release or preview candidate from the downloads page on https://swift.org/. Xcode is created and maintained by Apple, selecting a release to download from https://swift.org/ will take you to Apple's downloads section on their developer portal.

    Note

    An Xcode toolchain is a special binary with a toolchain extension that includes Xcode and all of the tools and libraries that make up Swift (LLVM, LLDB, REPL, and other tools) all targeted at a specific Swift version. You can think of a toolchain as a bundled development environment that you install and...

Swift 3 on Linux


The Swift team currently supports installing Linux on Ubuntu 14.04 or 15.10 (64-bit). On Linux, Swift packages are distributed as tar archives. Each package includes the Swift compiler, the LLDB debugger, and tools related to doing development in Swift.

Note

If you don't have access to a Linux box, you can create a virtual machine using VirtualBox https://www.virtualbox.org and Vagrant https://www.vagrantup.com.

VirtualBox is a virtualization application that runs on multiple platforms and allows you to install another OS. You can download the latest version from https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads.

Vagrant is a configuration and provisioning package that allows you to install and configure a complete development environment. You can find instructions on how to install and configure a Linux box at this location https://www.vagrantup.com/

  1. We need to install our required dependencies. Run the following command:

    $ sudo apt-get install clang libicu-dev
    
    • clang : The C language...

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Key benefits

  • Get up to date with the latest changes to Swift 3
  • Make your life easier by knowing how to port your Swift code to the latest version
  • Learn how to write programs that work on most of the major platforms such as iOS and Linux

Description

Since Swift was introduced by Apple in WWDC 2015, it has gone on to become one of the most beloved languages to develop iOS applications with. In the new version, the Swift team aimed to take its adoption to the next level by making it available for new platforms and audiences. This book will very quickly get you up to speed and productive with Swift 3. You will begin by understanding the process of submitting new feature requests for future versions of Swift. Swift 3 allows you to develop and run your applications on a Linux machine. Using this feature, you will write your first Linux application using the debugger in Linux. Using Swift migrator, you will initiate a conversion from Swift 2.2 to Swift 3. Further on, you will learn how to interact with Cocoa libraries when importing Objective C to Swift. You will explore the function and operator changes new to Swift 3, followed by Collection and Closure changes. You will also see the changes in Swift 3 that allow you write tests easier with XCTest and debug your running code better with new formats as well. Finally, you will have a running server written completely in Swift on a Linux box. By the end of the book, you will know everything you need to know to dive into Swift 3 and build successful projects.

Who is this book for?

The book is for those who are familiar with Swift but are in need of clear guidance on what’s changed in the latest version and the new features.

What you will learn

  • Migrate a Swift 2.2 project to Swift 3
  • Understand the workings of Swift Package Manager
  • Interact with Cocoa libraries when importing Objective C to Swift
  • Explore the function and operator changes new in Swift 3
  • Work with the advanced type changes, attribute improvements, and floating point type improvements in Swift
  • Discover the changes in the Swift API and see how Objective-C can be manipulated in the current API
  • Implement the new features central to Swift Testing and understand the new debug features
  • Create server-side applications using Swift 3
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Oct 06, 2016
Length: 142 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781786469632
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ISBN-13 : 9781786469632
Vendor :
Apple
Category :
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. What Were They Thinking? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Discovering New Territories – Linux at Last! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Migrating to Swift 3 to Be More Swifty Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Changes to Swifts Core Will Have You Asking for More Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Function and Operator Changes – New Ways to Get Things Done Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Extra, Extra Collection and Closure Changes That Rock! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Hold onto Your Chair; Advanced Type Changes Are Here! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Oh Goodness! Look Whats New in the Foundation Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Improving Your Code with Xcode Server and LLDB Debugging Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Exploring Swift on the Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Kevin Buckley Mar 12, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book!
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